1. Oseltamivir Neuraminidase inhibitor
Lee, sang-hwi

2. Chemical structures of antiviral drugs inhibiting the neuraminidase of influenza A virus

3. Binding of sialic acid–mimic drugs zanamivir and oseltamivir to neuraminidase
zanamivir (yellow)
oseltamivir (green)
sialic acid (gray)
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 2010, 17, 530

4. Reverse transcription (역전사) Integration (통합) Transcrpition (전사)
Attachment (부착)
Fusion (융합)
Reverse transcription (역전사)
Integration (통합)
Transcrpition (전사)
Translation (유전자암호 해독)
Viral assembly (조립)
Budding and Maturation of HIV virion
(HIV virion의 돌출과 성숙)
capsid
Retrovirus는 lipid envelope에 의해 둘러싸여 있는 protein capsid안에 packaged된 RNA genome을 가지는 infectious particle이다.
lipid envelope은 infection 과정 초기에 host cell의 membrane receptor와 결합할 수 있는 receptor binding protein을 포함하는 polypeptide chain을 가진다.
Retrovirus는 유전물질로서 DNA 대신 RNA와 DNA를 만드는 reverse transcriptase을 가지고 있다.
Retrovirus가 cell에 감염되면, cytoplasm으로 reverse transcriptase와 RNA를 주입된다.
그 후, chromosomal DNA를 생성하고 host DNA에 삽입되어 복제를 시작한다
JAMA. 2002;287(13):

6. The action of neuraminidase in the continued replication of virions in the setting of influenza infection.
CMAJ 2011, 183,E420-E422

7. Neuraminidase
enzymes are glycoside hydrolase enzymes that cleave the glycosidic linkages of neuraminic acids.
Neuraminidase enzymes are a large family, found in a range of organisms.
The best-known neuraminidase is the viral neuraminidase, a drug target for the prevention of the spread of influenza infection.
The viral neuraminidases are frequently used as an antigenic determinants found on the surface of the Influenza virus.
Some variants of the influenza neuraminidase confer more virulence to the virus than others.
Other homologs are found in mammalian cells, which have a range of functions.
At least four mammalian sialidase homologs have been described in the human genome (see NEU1, NEU2, NEU3, NEU4).
Neuraminidases, also called sialidases, catalyze the hydrolysis of terminal sialic acid residues from the newly formed virions and from the host cell receptors. Sialidase activities include assistance in the mobility of virus particles through the respiratory tract mucus and in the elution of virion progeny from the infected cell.[

8. Binding mode of action