1. Cranial (anterior) drawer test

2. Dogs with a conformation of hyper-extended stifles and hocks are more prone to CCL rupture.
The CCL is the primary check against
hyperextension of the stifle.

3. Techniques of CrCl
repair in the canine.
Over-the-top repair showing
how the orientation of the
normal cranial cruciate
ligament is duplicated.

4. Techniques of CrCl
repair in the canine.
Cranial advancement of the fibular head (with LCL attached)
to limit cranial drawer. Fibular head transposition technique
of Gail Smith DVM from U Penn.

5. Techniques of CrCl
repair in the canine.
Lateral imbrication
technique of DeAngelis.
The position of the suture limits cranial drawer and internal rotation of the tibial on the femur.
Works best in dogs < 35 lbs (< 16 kg)

6. Tibial Plateau Leveling Operation
To limit posterior luxation