1. Climate Change and Renewable Energy Solutions for Mexico CityBy
Dr. R.K. Pachauri
Former Chairman, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),
For the Inaugural Conference of the Forum
“Economy and Climate Change: Renewable Energies”
World Trade Center, Mexico City
October 17, 2016

2. The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report
A clear and up to date view of the current state of scientific knowledge relevant to climate change.
Working group I
The Physical Science Basis
259 authors
39 countries
54,677 comments
2 million gigabytes of numerical data from climate model simulations
Over 9200 scientific publications cited
Working Group II
Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
309 authors
70 countries
50,444 comments
Over 12,000 scientific references cited
Working Group III
Mitigation of Climate Change
235 authors
57 countries
38,315 comments
Close to 1200 scenarios of socioeconomic development analyzed
Close to 10,000 references to literature

3. Key Messages Human influence on the climate system is clear
The more we disrupt our climate, the more we risk severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts
We have the means to limit climate change and build a more prosperous, sustainable future
Source: AR5 WGI SPM, AR5 WGII SPM, AR5 WGIII SPM

4. Humans are changing the climate
It is extremely likely that we are the dominant cause of warming since the mid-20th century
Year
Globally averaged combined land and ocean surface temperatures
Source: AR5 WGI SPM

5. Source: AR5 SYR SPM

6. Source: AR5 SYR SPM

7. Source: AR5 SYR SPM

8. Some of the changes in extreme weather and climate events observed since about 1950 have been linked to human influence
Source: AR5 WGI SPM

9. Impacts are already underway
Tropics to the poles
On all continents and in the ocean
Affecting rich and poor countries
Source: AR5 WGII SPM

10. Projected climate changes
Continued emissions of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and changes in the climate system
Oceans will continue to warm during the 21st century
Global mean sea level will continue to rise during the 21st century
It is very likely that the Arctic sea ice cover will continue to shrink and thin as global mean surface temperature rises
Global glacier volume will further decrease
Source: AR5 WGI SPM

11. Potential Impacts of Climate Change
Increased displacement of people
Food and water shortages
Increased poverty
Coastal flooding
Source: AR5 WGII SPM

12. Limiting Temperature Increase to 2˚C
Global GHG emissions reduction of % in 2050 compared to 2010
Net zero or negative GHG emissions in 2100
Global emissions to curb within next 5-15 years
Source: AR5 WGIII SPM

13. Mitigation Measures
More efficient use of energy
Greater use of low-carbon and no-carbon energy • Many of these technologies exist today
• Reduction in CO2 emissions by 90% between 2040 and 2070 over 2010 levels
Improved carbon sinks
• Reduced deforestation and improved forest management and planting of new forests
• Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage
Lifestyle and behavioural changes
Source: AR5 WGIII SPM

14. The window for action is rapidly closing
65% of our carbon budget compatible with a 2°C goal already used
Amount
Remaining:
Total Carbon
Budget:
1000 GtCO2
Amount Used :
2900 GtCO2
1900
GtCO2
Source: AR5 WGI SPM

15. What will Paris achieve?
Will exceed the 2oC target
Does not involve binding commitments
No provision for penalising failure
Ignores the message of urgency in IPCC’s AR5
Upgradation of INDCs only in 2018 and then again in 2023

16. Some facts about urban areas
Global population - >52% (2011)
Energy use % (2006)
CO2 emissions % (2006)
2050 urban population billion
Or %
Urban land area projected to expand % between 2000 to 2030
Source: IPCC AR5

17. Mitigation options & co-benefits to urban areas
Spatial planning instruments important
Land use planning strategies
Reduce sprawl
Co-benefits – Energy access
Limiting water & air pollution
Employment opportunities
Source: IPCC AR5

18. Renewable energy economics
Median cost of baseload power (2015)
Coal, natural gas & nuclear - $100/MW-HR
Solar - $200/MW-HR
Roof top solar
Belgium - $311.77/MW-HR
Spain - $166.70/MW-HR in summer
Solar cost reduction
In $500/MW-HR
In $200/MW-HR
Coal plants to increase cost % with CCS
Utility solar to decrease to $100/MW-HR in 2025
Rooftop solar to decrease to $100/MW-HR in 2030
Source: IEA

19. Solutions for Mexico City
Rooftop solar in Mexico City and large scale solar power generation outside Mexico City.
Towards sustainable mobility – a long term vision and immediate solutions, such as phasing out diesel buses.
Energy efficient and resource conserving buildings – codes and regulations for new buildings and retrofits.
Converting waste to energy.
Involve youth in developing a roadmap.

20. What is the POP Movement?
Addresses the Urgent Need to Share Information and Knowledge Among Youth About Solutions to:
Achieve Sustainable Development Goals
Mitigate Climate Change
Adapt to the Impacts of Climate Change
PROTECT OUR PLANET

21. Why the POP Movement?
Current Lack of Knowledge, Awareness and Inertia to Implement Climate Change Solutions are a Major Gap in Action
The POP Movement Will Create and Serve the Massive Demand for Action That Can Be Implemented in Schools, Colleges and Communities Worldwide
Knowledge About Climate Change Solutions Will Be Provided as Part of the POP Movement
PROTECT OUR PLANET

22. What Does POP Do? The POP Movement:
Mobilizes Young People Globally to Protect Our Planet
Promotes Collective Action, Especially Among Youth to Implement Solutions Needed to Mitigate Climate Change
Recognizes and Reward Youth-Led Actions, Exemplary Initiatives, and Success Stories
PROTECT OUR PLANET

23. “Speed is irrelevant if you are going in the wrong direction”
- Mahatma Gandhi
If you think in terms of a year, plant a seed; if in terms of ten years, plant trees; if in terms of 100 years, teach the people.
- Confucius