1. UNIT 11
Teaching Speaking

2. Aims of the unit
In this unit,we are going to discuss how to teach speaking.We will focus on the following:
1.What are the differences between spoken and written language?
2.What are the pronciples for teaching speaking?
3.How can we design speaking activities?
4.What are the typical types of speaking activities?
5.How to organise speaking activities?

3. 10.1Differences between spoken and written language
Speaking is the skill that the students will be judged upon most in real-life situations.it is such an important part of everyday interaction and most often the first impression of a person is based on his/her ability to speak fluenly and comprehensibly.so,as teachers,we have the resposibility to prepare students as much as possible to be able to speak in English both in the real world and in the testing room.

4. spontaneous
Tasks for practising
speaking should
reflect the special
Characteristics
of spoken language
Time-constraint

5. According to Bygate(1987),there are four common features of spoken language:
Using less complex syntax;
Taking short cuts,e.g.incomplete sentences;
Using fixed conventional phrases/chunks;
Using devices such as fillers,hesitation device to give time to think before speaking.

6. 10.2 Principles for teaching speaking
Balancing accuracy-based with fluency-based practices
Contextualising practice
Personalising practice
Building up confidence
Maximising meaningful interactions
Helping students develop speaking strategies
Making the best use og classroom learning environment to provide sufficient language input and practice for the students.

7. 10.3 Designing speaking tasks
Speaking is a skill,just like swimming,driving a car,or cooking.No one can swimming or drive or cook simple by memorisng the rules.In other words,one can only improve speaking by speaking more.Therefore,it is the teachers’task to design meaningful,motivating ,linguistically appropriate and cognitively challenging tasks to give students maximum opportunities to practise speaking.

8. There are several facters to consider
when designing speaking activities.
Maximum
foreign talk
Even
participation
High
motivation
Right
language
level