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Romanticism: Rejecting the Enlightenment
By Susan Pojer Horace Greeley High School Chappaqua, NY
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How Was Romanticism a Rejection of the Enlightenment?
Emotions, passion, and irrationality The “rugged” individual The power and fury of nature The Gothic The exotic, the occult, and the macabre Nationalism Exotic foreign lands
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A Growing Distrust of Reason
Early 19th Century Enlightenment Romanticism Society is good, curbing violent impulses! Civilization corrupts! The essence of human experience is subjective and emotional. Human knowledge is a puny thing compared to other great historical forces. “Individual rights” are dangerous efforts at selfishness & the community is more important.
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1. Emotions! Passion! Irrationality!
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Wandering Above the Sea of Fog Caspar David Friedrich, 1818
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Lady Macbeth - Henry Fuseli, 1794
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2. The "Rugged" Individual
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The Dreamer Gaspar David Friedrich, 1835
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Solitary Tree Caspar David Friedrich, 1823
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3. The Power & Fury of Nature
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The Deluge Francis Danby, 1840
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The Eruption of Vesuvius –
John Martin
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4. The Gothic: "Romanticizing" the Middle Ages
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Eldena Ruin Gaspar David Friedrich, 1825
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British Houses of Parliament 1840-1865
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5. The Exotic, the Occult, and the Macabre!
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Cloister Cemetery in the Snow Caspar David Friedrich, 1817-1819
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Saturn Devours His Son Francisco Goya, 1819-1823
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6. Nationalism
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Liberty Leading the People Eugène Delacroix, 1830
Detail of the Musket Bearer Delacoix, himself
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Napoleon at the St. Bernard Pass
David, 1803
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The Shooting of May 3, 1808 Francisco Goya, 1815
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7. Interest in Exotic Foreign Lands
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The Bullfight - Francisco Goya
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The Royal Pavillion at Brighton John Nash, 1815-1823
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