1. Hearing Demo

2. Pinna (auricle)

4. Cauliflower ear
Perichonrial Hematoma

6. Don’t put anything into your ear smaller than your elbow.

9. Perforated tympanic membrane (Eardrum)

11. Cartilage ear-piercing complications: Abscess formation

14. Stapes (“Stirrup”) is the smallest bone in the body
Incus
“Anvil”
Malleus
“Hammer”

19. Definitions:
Incus - (also called the anvil) a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the hammer to the stirrup. cochlea - a spiral-shaped, fluid-filled inner ear structure; it is lined with cilia (tiny hairs) that move when vibrated and cause a nerve impulse to form. eardrum - (also called the tympanic membrane) a thin membrane that vibrates when sound waves reach it. Eustachian tube - a tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the nose; it equalizes the pressure between the middle ear and the air outside. When you "pop" your ears as you change altitude (going up a mountain or in an airplane), you are equalizing the air pressure in your middle ear. malleus - (also called the hammer) a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the eardrum to the anvil. nerves - these carry electro-chemical signals from the inner ear (the cochlea) to the brain. outer ear canal - the tube through which sound travels to the eardrum. pinna - (also called the auricle) the visible part of the outer ear. It collects sound and directs it into the outer ear canal semicircular canals - three loops of fluid-filled tubes that are attached to the cochlea in the inner ear. They help us maintain our sense of balance. Stapes - (also called the stirrup) a tiny, U-shaped bone that passes vibrations from the stirrup to the cochlea. This is the smallest bone in the human body (it is 0.25 to 0.33 cm long).

21. Semicircular canals
Ossicles (bones)
Auditory nerve
Pinna
External Auditory canal
cochlea
Eustachian tube
Tympanic membrane

23. Definitions:
Incus - (also called the anvil) a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the hammer to the stirrup. cochlea - a spiral-shaped, fluid-filled inner ear structure; it is lined with cilia (tiny hairs) that move when vibrated and cause a nerve impulse to form. eardrum - (also called the tympanic membrane) a thin membrane that vibrates when sound waves reach it. Eustachian tube - a tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the nose; it equalizes the pressure between the middle ear and the air outside. When you "pop" your ears as you change altitude (going up a mountain or in an airplane), you are equalizing the air pressure in your middle ear. malleus - (also called the hammer) a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the eardrum to the anvil. nerves - these carry electro-chemical signals from the inner ear (the cochlea) to the brain. outer ear canal - the tube through which sound travels to the eardrum. pinna - (also called the auricle) the visible part of the outer ear. It collects sound and directs it into the outer ear canal semicircular canals - three loops of fluid-filled tubes that are attached to the cochlea in the inner ear. They help us maintain our sense of balance. Stapes - (also called the stirrup) a tiny, U-shaped bone that passes vibrations from the stirrup to the cochlea. This is the smallest bone in the human body (it is 0.25 to 0.33 cm long).

24. The Organ of Corti

25. Types of Hearing Loss:
Conductive Deafness (middle-ear deafness): occurs when middle-ear bones fail to transmit sound to the cochlea properly
caused by diseases, infections, tumorous bone growths in ear
corrected by surgery or hearing-aids
can still hear your own voice fine (conducted through bones and sinuses).
2. Nerve Deafness (inner ear deafness): occurs due to damage to the
cochlea, hair cells, or the auditory nerve
can affect just a portion of the cochlea (can only hear certain
frequencies)
can be inherited or from exposure to rubella, syphilis during pregnancy
inadequate oxygen to brain during childbirth
low thyroid activity
Multiple sclerosis or meningitis
childhood reactions to certain drugs (aspirin)
repeated exposure to loud noises

26. Tinnitus; frequent or constant ringing in the ears
common in old age
“phantom ringing”; part of cochlea is damaged and the area of the brain that used to receive those signals is now invaded by other axons from other parts of the body
Treatable causes of hearing loss talk. 3 min
Hearing loss, vertigo, facial paralysis
Process of hearing
Otosclerosis: abnormal growth of middle ear ossicles

27. Semi-circular canals and otoliths also guide eye movements:
Hold your book still and read it while moving your head around
Now hold your head still and read your book while it’s moving all around

28. Olfaction Anosmia; inability to smell
The human brain can detect about 10,000 different smells.
(but we see about 7,000,000 different colors!)
Tongue animation

29. Congenital insensitivity
A life without pain