1. Networking for Home and Small Businesses – Chapter 5
Network Addressing
Networking for Home and Small Businesses – Chapter 5

2. Purpose of an IP Address
A logical network address that identifies a host
A host (end-user) must have a NIC card
workstations
servers
printers
router interface
Each packet will contain a source and destination IP address
Packet Tracer Activity Cisco I

3. IP addresses IP Version 4 32 binary digits 4 octets
most common form of IP addresses
32 binary digits
4 octets
Dotted decimal notation
Over 4 billion possible IP addresses
IP Version 6 will soon become the standard to ensure we have enough addresses to use

4. Binary Numbers The IP address is made up of binary numbers (1 or 0)
Humans must be able to talk computer language to send data
We do this by converting our numbering system (Base 10 to binary)
Let’s try some . . .
Convert 140 to binary
Convert 10 to binary
Convert to Base 10
Convert to Base 10
Time to play a game -- Online Activity

5. Parts of an IP Address Hierarchical Similar to your phone number
made up of 2 parts
network
host(Id’s the specific device)
determined by IP class
Similar to your phone number
Area code = network
phone number = host(specific location)
Go to page to see how network addresses are used

6. Purpose of the Subnet Mask
Helps identify the network
Boolean math or “ANDING”
What happens if both source and destination IP are on the same network?? What happens if they are not??

7. Copy Into Your Notes
On page copy the chart of IP Address Classes

8. Types of IP Addresses Class A Range 1-127 N.H.H.H
First bit in octet will be a 0
Default subnet mask
can create over 16 million host addresses – the most host addresses available in networking
224 – 2 = 16,777,214 to be exact
why do you subtract 2???
Used in large organizations

9. Types of IP Addresses Class B Range 128-191 N.N.H.H
16 bits for network and 16 bits for host
Default subnet mask
can create over 65,000 host addresses
216 – 2 = 65,534 to be exact
Used in medium-sized organizations

10. Types of IP Addresses Class C Range 192 -223 N.N.N.H
First two bits in octet will be a 11
Default subnet mask
can create 254 useable hosts
28 – 2 = 254 to be exact
Used in small organizations

11. Types of IP Addresses Class D Class E Range 224 - 239
used for multicasting
not for commercial use
Class E
Range
reserved for experimental use

12. Activity
On page use the activity to test your skills looking at IP addresses and determining their default subnet mask.

13. Private IP Addresses
Solves the issue of a finite number of available public IP addresses
Allows hosts to communicate locally without each device needing a public IP address
Not routed on the Internet; blocked by the ISP router
Private address ranges
Class A –
Class B – –
Class C – –

14. Activity
On page can you determine which addresses are private and need to be blocked and which addresses are public and need to be passed through the router?

15. Unicast Address Most common type of address
Intended for a specific host, has a specific IP Address
Talking to a person on the phone is an example
Must have both destination IP and MAC in the header

16. Broadcast Address All ones in the host portion of the IP address
Class C address: (N.N.N.H)
Broadcast address:
MAC address all Fs
FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF

17. Multicast Address Send packet to a group of devices
Must use multicast address range
Range –
Used for remote gaming
Destination MAC address begins with: E

18. Activity
On page can you determine who the message will go to based on the address. Is the message a uni-cast, multicast or broadcast. Think back to how we identified these items on the last few slides.

19. Using Static IP Addressing
Manually configured by the network administrator
Advantages
useful for printers, servers, etc
increased control of resources (security)
Disadvantages
time consuming

20. Using Dynamic IP Addressing
Automatic assignment of IP addresses
Useful if frequent change in users (wireless hotspot)
Uses DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server
IP addresses leased for a period of time
if host is removed from the network (turned off), the IP address goes back into the pool of IP address
Preferred method for large networks
reduces the burden of network support

21. DHCP DHCP dynamically assigns an IP address to a host
A PC obtains its IP address from a DHCP server. If the PC is taken off the network for repair, what happens to the IP address configuration?
The addresses is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.

22. Configuring DHCP
If host is configured as DHCP client, it will not have a
IP address
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
Clients send a DHCP Discover Message
The message comes from a client seeking an IP address
The destination IP address of the message is
All hosts receive the message, but only a DHCP server replies

23. Obtaining an IP address from DHCP server
Multifunction device (Linksys Router) provides services to clients (SOHO network)
If a host connects to a Linksys integrated router that is also a DHCP server and receives an IP address from it. Which address does the host need to access the ISP and the Internet?
- Internal IP address of the integrated router that connects to the local network

24. Packet Tracer
Configure a DHCP Server within a network. Open packet tracer and open the file Cisco I and follow the instructions for successful completion.

25. Purpose of a Gateway
Used by the router to provide the path through which hosts on one network can communicate with hosts on a different network
Default gateway address
IP address of the router interface
If DHCP is being used
the DHCP server will automatically send the correct IP interface to the host to use as the default gateway

26. Address Assignment ISR (Integrated Services Router) Default IP address
Class C Private Address
Configured on router interface
Internal hosts must be assigned addresses within the same network

27. Address Management Direct Connection
direct connection from PC to ISP through modem
public address assigned to the host
Connection through Integrated Router
more than one host needs access to the Internet
modem connected to ISR
Connection through Gateway Device
ISR and modem in one unit
connect directly to ISP

28. Using NAT with a Home or Small Business Network
NAT (Network Address Translation)
Packets that stay local are not translated using NAT
Only packets destined for different network use NAT
NAT Prevents external users from detecting the IP addresses used on a network
With NAT, a private (local) source IP address is translated to a public (global) address. The process is reversed for incoming packets.

29. Refer to the graphic. NAT and DHCP are installed on the Linksys integrated router. Which IP address is most likely to be assigned to the local computer, Host1?
Why would this address be chosen? because it is the only private IP address within the range.

30. Chapter Quiz
Take the chapter 5 quiz found on page to test your knowledge over IP addresses and the uses of the address in most networks around the world.