1. Earth2Class: trazendo a ciencia para a sala de aula
Michael J Passow
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
Columbia University
New York, USA

2. Michael J Passow 46-year career as Science Educator
Main subject: Earth Science (Physical Geography)
High School, Middle School, University, informal science (museums and nature centers)

3. Academic degrees from Columbia University, New York
BA (Geology)
MAT (Science Education)
M.Ed. (Curriculum & Teaching)
Ed.D. (Science Education)
Additional training through various professional organization programs

4. President of several State and National professional teacher organizations
Peer Trainer for weather, ocean, and climate programs

5. Columbia University in the City of New York
Among most important in USA
Founded in 1754
Undergraduate and graduate programs in Science, Medicine, Business, many other areas
Many graduates with great accomplishments

6. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
Among most important geoscience research centers in the world
Founded in 1949
Component of the Columbia Earth Institute
World-famous scientists and discoveries
Ph.D. and M.S. training

8. First, a little more about me: Privileged to Have 14 Visits to Brasil Since 2007

9. Most visits hosted by Cristiana Assumpcao and Frederico Baggio of SP

10. AGU Joint Assembly of the Americas Foz de Iguassu 2010
Helped organize the GIFT (Geoscience Information For Teachers): “Chuva, Rochas e Clima”
with Dr. Celso Dal Ré Carneiro (UNICAMP) and Dr. Nisia Krusche (FURG)

11. https://earth2class.org/site/?page_id=4887

12. Home page: www.earth2class.org/site

13. Earth2Class at LDEO
Monthly workshops connected students and teachers with research scientists
>165 programs since 1998
Archived versions of presentations available on website for those unable to attend

14. Many educational resources (slide shows, activities, links to important websites, etc.) for teachers and students
>50k hits from >2.5k users per month

15. Monthly Workshops One per month in our academic year (Sep – May)
8:30 – 9:30 “Caffeine & Carbs”
9:30 – 10:00 Introduction by MJP – basic knowledge about the topic
10:00 – 10:15 Break & scientist set-up
10:15 – 12:00 Scientist presentation
12:00 – 13:00 “Lunch with the Scientist”
13:00 – 15:30 Classroom-oriented activities

16. One program connected by Skype with scientist 1000 km away

17. Examples of E2C Workshops Themes
Climate Change and Paleoclimates
Natural Hazards
Seismology and Plate Tectonics
Marine Geology and Scientific Seafloor Drilling

18. Marine biology and ecology
Polar Studies (Antarctic and Arctic)
Atmospheric Chemistry
Local area geologic history

19. Visits to laboratories
Special training (here: putting together Galileoscopes)
Public programs at LDEO Open House

20. We also provide E2C field experiences for NYC students and teachers in the nearby Hudson River

22. How E2C Helps Meet Teacher and Students Needs
Typical US High School/Middle School Earth Science courses include:
Geology (rocks, minerals, earthquakes, weathering and erosion, etc.)
Weather and Climate
Astronomy (Earth’s Place in Space)
Earth History (fossils, important events shaping regional and global features)
Natural Hazards, especially severe storms
Physical geography (maps and imaging)

23. Typical USA Science Classes
1 of 5 or 6 classes each day, 45 – 50 minutes, then switch to another room
Teachers may be strong or weak in subject area, depending on background
Often textbook-focused
May or may not have include valuable hands-on lab investigations, field trips, research
In New York State, usually ends with state-created “Regents Earth Science exam”

24. “Regents Earth Science”
New York State has largest pre-college Earth Science enrollment
“RES” exam taken by more than 160k students each year Multiple-choice and constructed response Hands-on “performance” exam
16-page Reference Tables provided
ES also included in State tests at grades 4 (age 10) and 8 (age 14)

26. Hurricane season in the North Atlantic Ocean officially begins in June and ends in November. Which ocean surface conditions are responsible for the development of hurricanes?
(1) warm water temperatures and low evaporation rates
(2) warm water temperatures and high evaporation rates
(3) cool water temperatures and low evaporation rates
(4) cool water temperatures and high evaporation rates

27. Science in US Schools No national education curriculum-blocked by law
Each State sets own requirements for graduation and curriculum
More emphasis on biology, chemistry, physical science than Earth and environmental science
‘Test-driven’ influence on what is taught and how to learn
Wide range of quality and achievement
Sometimes political influences, especially in “controversial” topics such as climate change

28. Next Generation Science Standards
National scientific academies and groups created
“A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas” (2012)
“Next Generation Science Standards” (2013)

29. NGSS Science and Engineering Practices
Asking questions and defining problems
Planning and carrying out investigations
Analyzing and interpreting data
Developing and using models
Constructing explanations and designing solutions
Engaging in argument from evidence
Using mathematical and computational thinking
Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

30. NGSS Crossing Concepts
Patterns
Cause and effect: mechanism and explanation
Scale, proportion, and quantity
Systems and systems models
Energy and matter: flows, cycles, and conservation
Structure and function
Stability and change

31. Disciplinary Core Ideas in Earth and Space Science http://nstahosted
ESS1: Earth’s Place in the Universe ESS1.A: The Universe and Its Stars ESS1.B: Earth and the Solar System ESS1.C: The History of Planet Earth ESS2: Earth’s Systems ESS2.A: Earth Materials and Systems ESS2.B: Plate Tectonics and Large-Scale System Interactions ESS2.C: The Roles of Water in Earth’s Surface Processes ESS2.D: Weather and Climate ESS2.E: Biogeology ESS3: Earth and Human Activity ESS3.A: Natural Resources ESS3.B: Natural Hazards ESS3.C: Human Impacts on Earth Systems ESS3.D: Global Climate Change

32. E2C Enhances teacher and student knowledge
Spotlights cutting-edge research conducted by Lamont Scientists
Provides insights about “real” science (not just what is in textbooks)
Connects students and teachers with scientists as role models
Fosters networking among teachers and students
Provides examples of how to create NGSS- and State-based curriculum

33. E2C Supports Research
“Broad Outreach” components for LDEO research projects Necessary for National Science Foundation support
“Spatial Thinking in Regents Earth Science” NSF Grant with Dr. Kim Kastens

34. “Spatial Thinking in Regents Earth Science”
NSF Grant with Dr. Kim Kastens

35. What Is Needed to Provide an Earth2Class Program at Your Institution?
By the Organizer
Recruit scientists and participants
Set up venue, including morning refreshments and lunch
Provide PD certificates and receipts
Create introductory slide show
Lead classroom activities
Facilitate details of the program
Post on website

36. By the Scientist
Develop presentation suitable for a general audience
Coordinate with Organizer to provide version of slide show and other resources for E2C and own websites
Follow up on questions from participants
Include E2C organizer in Broader Outreach plans for research applications

37. What’s the Cost? Who Pays?
LDEO provides seminar room as part of its outreach, unless grant funding is available
Organizer and scientists volunteer, unless grant funding is available
Morning refreshments and lunch (about US $150 - $160)
Participants pay $15 per session ($7.50 for students

39. What Could You Do Here in Brasil?
Begin programs that connect your research results with teachers
Share also with students in public programs?
Set up web page to support teachers and students
Important to work with one or more teachers who can connect the science ideas with what teachers needs to explain in schools

40. Dr. Michael J Passow michael@earth2class.org Obrigado!
Questions?
Dr. Michael J Passow Obrigado!