1. Warm-up Week 2 # 2 ______ are associated with mid-ocean ridges.
a. rift valleys c. extreme temperatures b. mountainous topography d. volcanic structures
The gently sloping submerged surface extending from the shoreline toward the deep ocean is called ____.
a. continental shelf c. continental rise
b. continental slope d. submarine canyon
Differences in ocean-surface height can be measured by ____.
a. sonar c. submersibles
b. satellites d. none of the above

2. “Composition of Seawater”
15.1

3. Q: How is ocean water different than fresh water?
Dissolved substances
Taste!
Smell!

4. Composition of Seawater
What it’s ________ of.
3.5% dissolved minerals
Salts!
MADE

5. “Salinity.” “Salinus” = salt
Salinity = amount of salt dissolved in water
Parts per 1000 = ‰
Most of the salt in seawater = common table salt.

6. Sources of Salts Weathering! Earth’s interior!
Chemical weathering of rocks on continents
Erosion by rivers
Deposition in ocean
Earth’s interior!
Volcanic eruptions

7. What affects Salinity? Amount of salt is constant
Amount of water changes

8. Ocean Tempo Variation. Tempo changes with Solar Radiation.
Latitude.
Tempo changes with depth.
Thermocline = “heat” + “slope”
Layer of ocean water with fast change in tempo.

9. Density Variation Density = Mass ÷ Volume ↑ Dense = Sinks ↓
How heavy for size…
↑ Dense = Sinks ↓
↑ Salinity = ↑ Density
↑ Tempo = ↓ Density

10. THERMOCLINE PYCNOCLINE

11. Ocean Layers Layered by density. Transition Zone Surface Zone
Thermocline
Pycnocline
Deep Zone
No sunlight
Cold & Dense
Layered by density.
Surface Zone
Shallow
Mixed (waves & wind)