1. Warm-up How are CAD and MI correlated? What are the symptoms of CAD?
What other term is often used instead of CAD? Describe how it looks like…
What are the symptoms of MI?
Why is cholesterol blamed for CAD?
What is the cause of CAD?
What are current treatments for CAD?
What is a statin?

2. The Good, The Bad and the Ugly
Steroids
The Good, The Bad and the Ugly

3. General Structure of Steroids
Steroidnucleus:
3x cyclohexane rings A,B,C
1 x cyclopentane ring D

4. Types of Steroids
Cholesterol
Steroid Hormones
Anabolic Steroids

5. Cholesterol
Good or bad?

6. Cholesterol Most abundant steroid in the body
Why does it have the ending –ol?

7. Facts about Cholesterol
its part of every cell membrane
insulates nerve and brain tissue
forms bile for digestion
forms Vitamin D in skin
starting material for steroid hormones: sex hormones, cortisol
Leads to heart attacks

8. Lipid Metabolism
Cholesterol is so important that the body does not rely on what you eat….
It manufactures 80% of the cholesterol needed
Serum Cholesterol Levels in your body can be measured via blood tests: Lipid Panels

9. Lipid Panels What health care professional look for… Total Cholesterol
HDL: High density Cholesterol: dubbed “good”
LDL: Low density Cholesterol: dubbed “bad”

10. HDL/LDL/VLDL
HDL transports excess cholesterol/lipids from tissue to liver for production of bile
LDL transports cholesterol/lipids to tissue for membrane maintenance/insulation/repair
Can form plaques
VLDL/Chylomicrons transports cholesterol/lipids from small intestine to tissue for energy production/storage

11. Why?
Lowering Cholesterol Levels is a business…. 1. Food industry: fat free/cholesterol free produce: lean meats, low fat dairy: the hunt for saturated fats/cholesterol 2. Pharmaceutical Industry: Statin Drugs Statistics linking high cholesterol levels to frequency of heart attacks has never been strong!!!

12. LIPITOR: The most widely used drug in the world…
Pharmaceutical drug lowering cholesterol levels….
Reaps 26 bio in sales/year worldwide
Side effects range from diabetes, to cancer
What many critiques now look for…

13. The Diversity of Cholesterol Levels
Cholesterol levels show individual variations due to:
Genetics
Age
General health: cholesterol is an anti-inflammatory, anti-stress substance, it can rise due to reasons ranging from stress, lack of sleep, drugs and chronic diseases (diabetes)
Diet: Plant based diets are correlated with lower cholesterol levels

14. What health care professional increasingly look for…..
Inflammatory status in the body…

15. Cholesterol in foods….
Egg 250 mg/serving Crabs/Shrims 150 mg Beef 85 mg White chicken 75 mg Fish 40 mg All animal based food contain cholesterol All plant based foods contain no cholesterol

16. Cholesterol and Coronary Artery Disease
Arteriosclerosis is the main cause of CAD. It is caused by plaques that clog arteries. Plaques are cholesterol deposits….
Q: What makes cholesterol form plaques?
A: Inflammation
Watch this
inflammation and CAD
some cheesy facts

17. Transporting Fats in the Blood
Lipids are insoluble in the blood (=water)
Lipids are transported in form of spherical vesicles called Lipoproteins.
outside: phospholipid and protein monolayer
inside: Cholesterol, Triglycerides in various proportions
HDL, LDL…

18. Steroid Hormones
A. Sex Hormones Estrogen: development of female sex. characteristics Testosterone: development of male sex. characteristics including muscle anabolism Progesterone: prepares uterus for fertilized egg

19. B. Corticosteroids
Steroid Hormones produced by the adrenal glands

20. Corticosteroids Natural: Cortisone Drug: Prednisone
Important maintenance hormone regulating inflammation, relaxation, repair, addtl. blood glucose regulation, feeling ok hormone….

21. Doping for Strength/Bodymass
Anabolic Steroids: Synthetic Testosterone derivatives
Promote muscle growth, reduce body fat

22. Anabolic Steroids
Short term side effects: broken bones, ruptured tendons, kidney pain
Long term use lead to kidney, heart, liver, testicle damage
Tren and such

23. Another Classification of Lipids
Distinction between saponifiable and non-saponifiable lipids
Saponifiable Lipids : (esterbond)
Triglycerides, Waxes, Phospholipids
Non-saponifiable:
Fatty Acids, Prostaglandins, Steroids,