1. Title: The Cold War Divides the World
What was the iron curtain and where was it located?
Where was the city of Berlin located and why was this a problem?
What promises did Stalin break?

2. The Idealogical struggle
Soviet Union & Eastern Bloc nations a.k.a: The Warsaw Pact & satellite nations
Goal: spread communism
US & western democracies:NATO
Goal: Contain the spread of communism

3. Methods during the Cold War
Espionage: CIA vs. KGB
Arms Race & Space Race: Who would get to space first and build nuclear weapons
Third world conflicts took place in Korea, Cuba, and Vietnam
NATO: North Atlantic treaty Organization is formed
In 1946 Churchill referred to the division as a “iron curtain”

4. Superpower Aims in Europe
The Goals of the US:
Promote democracy
“contain” communism
Gain access to raw materials and create new markets
Reunite Germany to help it stabilize
The Goals of the USSR:
Promote the spread of communism to other countries
Rebuild using Eastern European materials
Control Eastern Europe as a “buffer” to protect the USSR from the west
Keep Germany divided so they do not become strong again.

5. Yalta
In Feb Stalin, FDR, and Churchill meet to discuss the end of the war. They agreed to divide Germany and the city of Berlin into occupied zones which would be administered by the allied powers.

6. East Berlin
West Berlin
Berlin Wall

7. The Truman Doctrine
Truman provided $$ aid to countries that rejected communism.
Congress authorized $$ to Greece & Turkey in order to combat communism.

8. The Marshall Plan
Problems facing W.E. included food shortages, scarcity of jobs, and many cities had been damaged or destroyed.
In 1947, Sec. of State George Marshall created an assistance program which provided billions of $$$ in food and supplies to help prevent the spread of communism.

9. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)
United States
Belgium
Britain
Canada
Denmark
France
Iceland
Italy
Luxemburg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
1952: Greece & Turkey
1955: West Germany
1983: Spain

10. Warsaw Pact (1955) East Germany U. S. S. R. Hungary Albania Poland
Rumania
U. S. S. R.
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia

11. From WWII to the Cold War

12. What to do with the vocabulary..
1. Work together to create 2 questions for each political cartoon utilizing the vocabulary words.
2. Hand in one sheet with your questions with both of your names on it.

13. Focus for Creating the Questions
On how these cartoons illustrate the competing ideologies of the 2 superpowers and the early events of the Cold War.

14. Imagine If:
Imagine that you are a German citizen in their early twenties who happens to live in West Berlin. How is your life going to be affected by the division of the city? Imagine what it will do to your relationships with friends and family your employment, and possibly your college.

15. First Cold War Test
In 1948, the Soviet Union cut off highway, water, and railroad traffic into Berlin’s occupied zones. American and British officials flew food & supplies into Western Berlin for nearly 11 months.

16. Post-War Germany

17. Drop Bundles, not Bombs The Berlin Airlift
In 1948 the Soviet Union cut off highway, water, and rail traffic into Berlin’s western zones
American and British officials flew food and supplies into West Berlin for nearly 11 months
In May 1949, the Soviet Union admitted defeat and lifted the blockade

19. The Cold War Divides the World

20. “Three Worlds”
Post WWII-world’s nations grouped into three political categories:
First World Nations-Consisted of industrialized capitalist nations (US and its allies)
Second World Nations-Communist nations led by the Soviet Union
Third World Nations-Consisted of developing nations, often newly independent, who were not aligned with either superpower.
Cold War superpowers (US & USSR) competited over these third world nations.

21. The Fight for Third World Nations
The Third World nations were poor and politically unstable; located in Latin America, Asia, and Africa
Third World nations suffered from ethnic conflicts, lack of technology & education
Will these nations turn to communism or democracy?
The US and USSR both compete for influence by sending foreign aid, building schools, offering technology, sending volunteer workers to 3rd world nations
Many 3rd World nations do not want to “take a side”- some decide to stay neutral. India, Indonesia and others from Asia and Africa decide to become nonaligned nations

22. Strategies used to win third world support…

23. Building of the Berlin Wall
Focus on:
1: Principal Combatants/Causes/Results

24. In your Groups: Divide & Conquer
Decide who will gather the info for each one of the “Hot-Spots”
Once you have gathered, share the information with the rest of the group.
Once you have shared all the information, then go back and together determine which strategy or strategies were used.

25. East Asia: Key Combatants: Ho Chi Minh-North Vietnam
North Vietnam: supported by USSR
South Vietnam: Supported by US
US fear of domino theory
In 1973 the war ends with a cease fire and in 1974, North Vietnamese forces took Saigon and established all of Vietnam a communist nation.
Strategy?: Surrogate Wars

26. Pol Pot & Cambodia Another example of Genocide.
Pol Pot was communist and wanted to turn Cambodia into an agricultural based communist country.
Eliminate Opposition: Teachers, those who wore glasses, those who spoke French.

27. “The Killing Fields”
Used his group known as the Khmer Rouge to conduct the genocide.

28. The Cold War in Latin America
Countries in Latin America took aid from both sides
Revolutionaries are often supported by the Soviet Union and the US supports anti-Communist dictators

29. Showdown The Cuban Missile Crisis (7:23)
1959- Revolution overthrows Batista- the revolution is led by Fidel Castro- Castro brings social reforms, improves the economy, but also suspends elections, arrests/executes opponents and censors the press
1960’s- Castro takes control of US owned sugar mills and the US refuses to trade with Cuba- Castro turns to the USSR for support
1961- Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba by the US- fails
1962- USSR leader Khrushchev begins to build missile sites in Cuba- JFK demands they remove the missiles and plans a naval blockade of Cuba- the Cuban Missile Crises ends when the USSR removes the missiles in Cuba and the US promises not to invade Cuba and to remove missiles in Turkey.
1960’s Cuba relies on USSR to aid Cuba
Showdown The Cuban Missile Crisis (7:23)

31. Civil Defense in the US develops and promotes the creation of nuclear fallout shelters

32. Backyard bomb shelters, air raid drills, community fallout shelters, duck and cover drills, etc…reinforced the American belief that Soviet nuclear power was a real threat.

35. Duck & Cover Drills

36. Nicaragua:
1933- US begins to support Anastasio Somoza – dictator of Nicaragua
1979- Somoza’s son is overthrown by Communist party- Sandinistas (aided by both the US and USSR)
Sandinista leader Daniel Ortega rules
Sandinistas aid El Salvadorian Marxists and the US supports Nicaraguan anti-Communists called Contras
1990- Ortega holds free elections and Violeta Chamorro is elected

37. East Asia: Key Combatants: Ho Chi Minh-North Vietnam
North Vietnam: supported by USSR
South Vietnam: Supported by US
US fear of domino theory
In 1973 the war ends with a cease fire and in 1974, North Vietnamese forces took Saigon and established all of Vietnam a communist nation.

38. Why was the Cuban Missile Crisis a Big Deal?
Nuclear Annihilation
Brinkmanship: willingness to go to the brink, or edge of war
Threat of nuclear holocaust existed from
Duck and Cover drills
Shelter Mania

40. Nicaragua:
1933- US begins to support Anastasio Somoza – dictator of Nicaragua
1979- Somoza’s son is overthrown by Communist party- Sandinistas (aided by both the US and USSR)
Sandinista leader Daniel Ortega rules
Sandinistas aid El Salvadorian Marxists and the US supports Nicaraguan anti-Communists called Contras
1990- Ortega holds free elections and Violeta Chamorro is elected

41. The Cold War in the Middle East
Iran:
1940’s-1950’s- Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi westernizes Iran with the support of the United States
1978- Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini helps spark a revolution with recoded messages while living in exile
1979- Shah Pahlavi flees Iran and Khomeini takes power and works to establish an Islamic state with a militant form of Islam
1979- US embassy in Tehran is taken hostage- 60 US hostages are held for 444 days
1980- War between Iran and Iraq breaks out- US secretly aids both sides to keep the balance of power- the USSR supports Iraq- war ends when UN step in (1988)

42. Afghanistan: 1950’s- Soviet influence in Afghanistan increases
1970’s- Muslim revolts threaten the Communist regime in Afghanistan
USSR sends in forces to help the Afghan Communists and get stuck in a war
US arms rebels called the mujahideen (this group will evolve into the Taliban)
1980- US boycotts the Moscow Olympics
1989- Gorbachev (USSR) withdraws from Afghanistan

43. Cold War in Africa
Here again the 2 superpowers supported communist and anti communist leaders and groups in the countries of Angola, Mozambique, and the Congo.