1. DNA .

3. Griffith exp. Hershey and Chase exp.

5. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid: DNA two stranded double helix
Purines: adenine and guanine
Pyrimidines: thymine and cytosine
Bonding: A-T (double bond) and C-G (triple bond)
Nucleotide= base-sugar-phosphate
5’ ’ DNA sequence is read in a 5’ to 3’
3’ ’

6. DNA Replication: unzipping DNA double helix
Replication: the process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle (s stage)
Enzymes and other proteins carry out the work of replication
Once the strands are separated: free nucleotides within the nucleus can then be paired up with the separated strand in correct sequence
DNA Polymerase: enzyme that bonds the new nucleotides together
Also proofreads and corrects any base pairing errors

7. Replication
Helicase: enzyme that unzips the DNA double helix into a Y shaped replication fork
Leading strand and lagging strand: each strand becomes a template for a new complimentary strand
Semiconservative replication: New DNA consists of one old template strand and one new complimentary strand

8. Replication
Primase: starts the complimentary strand with short segments called RNA primers
DNA polymerase bonds to the primers. This begins elongation: DNA nucleotides added to the complimentary strand
Leading strand assembles continuously 5’ to 3’
Lagging strand assembles in short pieces called Okazaki fragments
DNA Ligase: joins the fragments together

9. .