1. Muscles!
MUSCLE= latin ‘musculus’=little mouse
Are you strong enough?

2. muscles
Skeletal muscle makes up about 40% of the mass of the average human body. Muscles are the engine that propels the body. They turn energy into motion and efficient at turning fuel into motion.
They are long lasting, self healing and grow stronger with practice.
Strongest muscle?????

3. muscles Main function is to: Produce heat Produce movement
Maintain posture
Protect-----Houdini story

4. muscles
Muscles are made of elastic fibers. These fibers are like a rubber band that lengthens and shortens. The thick and thin filaments do the actual work of a muscle.
A muscle contraction occurs when these fibers
generate tension through the action of actin
and myosin cross-bridging.
This process describes the sliding of myosin
and actin filaments over each other.

5. muscles Thick filaments are made of protein called myosin.
Thin filaments are made of another protein called actin.

6. muscles
contraction

7. muscles Muscles cannot push- they can only pull.
Even when you push against a wall, each muscle in your body is working by pulling.
When the muscles relax they stop pulling and your arm and another muscle straightens it.

8. muscles
There are over 600 muscles that make up the muscular fibers that are held together by connective tissue

9. muscles Properties or characteristics of muscles-
Excitability- ability to respond to a nerve impulse
Contractibility- muscle fibers that are stimulated by nerves- they contract or become short and thick
Extensibility- ability to be stretched
Elasticity- allows the muscle to return to its original shape after it has contracted or stretched

10. muscles Main types of muscles: 1. cardiac 2. visceral-smooth muscles
3. skeletal- striated
Can be described as voluntary and involuntary

11. muscles Cardiac- These muscles form the walls of the heart
Contract to circulate blood
Involuntary- function without us thinking about it

12. Cardiac muscle
Cardiac muscle is involuntary striated muscle. huge number of mitochondria per cell to make energy.

14. muscles visceral or smooth-
Found in the internal organs of the body such as the digestive system, respiratory system, blood vessels and the eyes
These contract to cause movement in these systems
Involuntary function without conscious control

15. Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle is found in your airway, digestive system, blood vessels and in females the uterus.
Smooth muscle can stretch and maintain tension for long periods of time.
It contracts involuntarily without you thinking about it.

16. Smooth muscle Are small and not striated
They are made up of thick and thin filaments
They have intermediate filaments that cross like fish-net stockings
Intermediate filaments slide across thin filaments and draw the muscle up in all directions

18. muscles Skeletal or striated- Attach to bones Cause body movement
Voluntary- person has control over their actions

20. muscles How muscles attach to bone:
1.Tendons- strong tough connective tissue cord
2. fascia- tough sheet-like membrane that hold muscles together,covers and protects tissue
3. Origin and insertion- when muscle attaches to bone one section becomes the origin (which does not move) and one end is the insertion (the end that moves when the muscle contracts)

22. muscles Actions of the muscles:
Adduction- moving a body part toward the midline
Abduction- moving a body part away from the midline
Flexion- decreasing the angle between 2 bones or bending a body part
Extension- increasing the angle between 2 bones or straightening a body part

23. Actions or movement continued:
Rotation- turning a body part around it’s own axis- like turning the head side to side
Circumduction- moving in a circle at a joint
moving one end of a body part in a circle while the other end stays stationary- like swinging the arm in a circle
Seed question- which joints circumduct and which joints rotate?

24. muscles
Actions continued: Supination- a rotation of the arm or foot in which the hand can face up and foot tipped to the outer edge Pronation- when hand faces down and the foot flattens out so that the arch strikes the ground.

25. muscles Major muscles of the body: Refer to page 127 in the book:
Fill in worksheet on the major muscles of the body

26. Pathology of muscles system
Terms related to muscle:
Edema- swelling
Hypertrophy of the muscle- increased muscle mass
Atrophy- decreased muscle mass
Contracture- muscle shortening
Fasciculation- involuntary muscle movement

27. muscles
ROM- range of motion- ability to move the muscle and joint through a full rotation/ extension/flexion smoothly, and without pain or difficulty.

28. muscles
Active isotonic- patient is able to move area by themselves without assistance
Active-assistive- patient can do some, but will need some help, or can assist self
Passive- patient can not do activity independently
Static- isometric- patient can tense muscle without moving joint
Resistive- strength building

29. Pathologies of muscle system
fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain in your muscles, ligaments and tendons, as well as fatigue and multiple tender points — places on your body where slight pressure causes pain.

31. Pathologies for muscles
Muscular dystrophy- this is an inherited disease that leads to chronic muscle atrophy. It appears in early childhood and most types result in severe disability and early death due to fat tissue replacing the muscle fibers effecting cardiac muscle.
There is no cure, but physical therapy can slow the progression

32. Muscle pathologies
Signs and symptoms of MD vary according to the type of muscular dystrophy. In general, muscular dystrophy symptoms may include:
Muscle weakness
Apparent lack of coordination
Progressive crippling, resulting in fixations (contractures) of the muscles around your joints and loss of mobility

33. Muscle pathologies
Myasthenia gravis- a chronic condition where nerve impulses are not properly transmitted through the muscle. This leads to weakness and paralysis. Any effort gives extreme fatigue.
If the condition affects the respiratory muscles it can lead to respiratory failure and death.

36. Muscle pathologies Myasthenia gravis cont.- Symptoms are:
Difficulty talking, swallowing, choking
Drooping head and eyes
Drooling
Difficult breathing
Muscle function better after rest
Difficulty lifting objects

37. Muscle pathologies
Rhabdomyosarcoma- tumor of the muscle tissue. This is rare, but prognosis is usually poor. It metastasizes early and leads to advanced malignancy quickly.
Muscle spasm- can occur in the legs and feet due to overexertion, low electrolyte levels or poor circulation

40. Muscle pathology
Strain- is an overstretching or injury to a muscle and or tendon. Prolonged or sudden muscle exertion is usually the cause.
Usually symptoms are edema, limited movement and pain.
Treatment is rest, muscle relaxant, pain medication, elevate the extremity and alternate hot and cold applications.

42. think on this what is the longest muscle?
where is your smallest muscle?
what is the longest muscle?