1. Concussions & Head injuries
By. Ean Slisz

2. What is a concussion?
Concussion A concussion is an injury to the brain that results in temporary loss of normal brain function. It usually is caused by a blow to the head. In many cases, there are no external signs of head trauma. Many people assume that concussions involve a loss of consciousness, but that is not true. In many cases, a person with a concussion never loses consciousness. The formal medical definition of concussion is a clinical syndrome characterized by immediate and transient alteration in brain function, including alteration of mental status and level of consciousness, resulting from mechanical force or trauma. - American association of neurological surgeons

3. Visual representation
In Ronda Rousey’s fight she is seen being punched the face , with this her head was propelled back while her brain stayed in place while the skull came back and hit the front of her brain.

4. Symptoms of a concussion/Short term effects
Symptoms 1)Inability to maintain a coherent stream of thought 2)A disturbance of awareness with heightened distractibility 3)Inability to carry out a sequence of goal-directed movements 4)The following are concussion symptoms: 5)Prolonged headache 6)Vision disturbances 7)Dizziness 8)Nausea or vomiting 9)Impaired balance 10)Confusion 11)Memory loss 12)Ringing ears 13)Difficulty concentrating

5. Where do you see it the most
Horseback Riding
Bull Riding
Cheerleading
Gymnastics
Football
Hockey
Boxing
Wrestling
Motocross
Rugby
Car accidents

6. Prevention during sporting events
Experts agree that the best ways to prevent concussion are:
1)Play by the rules.
2)Wear the appropriate equipment for your sport and wear it properly.
3)Always close a chin strap if your sport requires a helmet; many concussions occur during practice.
4)Practice good sportsmanship.
5)Learn and use proper technique for your sport.

7. Long term effects
1)Memory problems 2)Lack of inhibition 3)Intense anger and/or aggression 4)Personality changes 5)Inattention and lack of concentration 6)Problems organizing, planning, and problem solving 7)Language impairment

8. Actual accounts
Adrian Robinson Jr., NFL Ex-Player Who Killed Himself, Had Brain Injury Adrian Robinson Jr. hung himself last May at age 25.

9. Treatment
Rest is the most appropriate way to allow your brain to recover from a concussion. Your doctor will recommend that you physically and mentally rest to recover from a concussion.

10. Intracranial hematoma
An intracranial hematoma occurs when a blood vessel ruptures within your brain or between your skull and your brain. The collection of blood (hematoma) compresses your brain tissue. An intracranial hematoma may occur because the fluid that surrounds your brain can't absorb the force of a sudden blow or a quick stop. Then your brain may slide forcefully against the inner wall of your skull and become bruised. Although some head injuries — such as one that causes only a brief lapse of consciousness (concussion) — can be minor, an intracranial hematoma is potentially life-threatening and often requires immediate treatment. An intracranial hematoma often, but not always, requires surgery to remove the blood. - Mayo clinic.com

11. Visual representation

12. EPIDURAL HEMATOMAS
Epidural hematomas are caused by bleeding from an artery or a large vein (venous sinus) located between the skull and the outer layer of tissue covering the brain. Bleeding often occurs when a skull fracture tears the blood vessel. A severe headache may develop immediately or after several hours. The headache sometimes disappears but returns several hours later, worse than before. Deterioration in consciousness, including increasing confusion, sleepiness, paralysis, collapse, and a deep coma, can quickly follow. Some people lose consciousness after the injury, regain it, and have a period of unimpaired mental function (lucid interval) before consciousness deteriorates again. People may develop paralysis on the side of the body opposite the hematoma, speech or language impairment, or other symptoms, depending on which area of the brain is damaged -Merck Manual

13. SUBDURAL HEMATOMAS
Subdural hematomas are usually caused by bleeding from veins, including the bridging veins, located between the outer and middle layers of tissue covering the brain (meninges). Occasionally, subdural hematomas are caused by bleeding from arteries. Subdural hematomas may be acute, subacute, or chronic. Rapid bleeding after a severe head injury can cause acute subdural hematomas, with symptoms that develop over minutes or a few hours, or subacute subdural hematomas, with symptoms that develop over several hours or days. Chronic subdural hematomas can develop over weeks, months, or years. By the time symptoms occur, the hematoma may be very large. Chronic subdural hematomas are more common among people with alcoholism, older people, and people who take anticoagulant drugs (blood thinners). People with alcoholism, who are relatively prone to falls as well as bleeding, may ignore or forget minor to moderately severe head injuries. These injuries can lead to small subdural hematomas that may become chronic. In older people, the brain shrinks slightly, stretching the bridging veins and making them more likely to be torn if an injury, even a minor one, occurs. Also, bleeding tends to continue longer because the shrunken brain exerts less pressure on the bleeding vein, allowing more blood loss from it. Blood that remains after a subdural hematoma is slowly reabsorbed. After the blood is resorbed from a hematoma, the brain may not re-expand as well in older people as in younger people. As a result, a fluid-filled space (hygroma) may be left. The hygroma may refill with blood or enlarge because small vessels tear, causing repeated bleeding. -Merck Manual

14. Diffrences
EPIDURAL hematoma's happen very rapidly and normally go untreated due to the constant thought of the victim thinking its just a headache. SUBDURAL hematoma's happen very slowly and can take months up to kill or get serious

15. Symptoms and short term effects of both
1) headache, sudden and severe. 2) headache, associated with a recent blow to the head. 3) headache, mild and long-lasting. 4) headache accompanied by neck stiffness. 5) confusion. 6) drowsiness. 7) vomiting more than twice in 24 hours. 8) seizure.

16. Long term effects Brain damage Death Vison problems
Loss of movement in body parts
Loss of speech

17. Famous cases
Franklin D. Roosevelt Died due to slow bleeding located on top of his brain.

18. The end
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