1. World War I

2. I. Initial Neutrality American Neutrality
Wilson issues neutrality proclamation on August 4, 1914.
By 1917, U.S. became a major supplier of Allied munitions, food, and raw materials.

3. II. Submarine Crisis: Road to War in Europe
1915, Germans began use of U-Boats submarines
Attack unarmed British passenger ships.
Lusitania-British liner sunk of the coast of Ireland on May 7, 1915.
Arabic is sunk
“Arabic Pledge”—Germans will not attack unarmed passenger vessels.

4. Submarine Crisis: Road to War in Europe (cont’d)
6. The Sussex Pledge (Ultimatum)
March 24, 1916—unarmed French steamer torpedoed but not sunk
7 American injured.
The pledge was: If ALL U-boat attacks on ALL ships did not stop, Wilson would sever all German relations.

5. Submarine Crisis: Road to War in Europe (cont’d)
7. Jan. 31, 1917-Germany would sink all ships, belligerent or neutral
Germanycut off the flow of supplies to the Allies.
Feb.3, 1917—U.S. ends diplomatic relations with Germany
U.S. merchant ships were sunk.

6. Submarine Crisis: Road to War in Europe (cont’d)
11. Zimmerman Telegram
12. U.S. receives it Feb. 24, 1917
Mex.U.S.
TX, NM, and AZ would then be returned to Mex.
March 1, 1917-Released to the American public; war with Germany was necessary.

7. III. Impact of the War at Home
Wilson :”War to end all Wars”
Jan. 1918—Wilson announces Fourteen Points.
“Peace without victory”
a. Abolish secret treaties,
Freedom of the seas and trade
Arms reduction,
End of colonization

8. Impact of the War at Home (cont’d)
14th Point—Wilson considered the most important
Called of a “general association of nations” to preserve the peace (League of Nations)

9. Impact of the War at Home (cont’d)
Committee of Public Information—by George Creel
Propaganda
Food Administration—Herbert Hoover
Reduce consumption
“Meatless Mondays”
“Victory Gardens”

12. War Industries Board
Production, wages, and prices of manufactured goods
Raising the Army?
Selective Service Act, 1917
Conscription of males into military

13. Impact of the War at Home (cont’d)
Civil Liberties?
Germans; Anti-war protestors
Espionage & Sedition Acts
Schenck v. U.S.
Congress could limit free speech in wartimes

14. IV. Negotiating Peace European powers wanted revenge!
League of Nations
Article X
Henry Cabot Lodge
U.S. never ratifies T.O.V
U.S. does not join League

15. The “Big Four”
Wilson George
Wilson
Clemenceau
Orlando
George