1. World War II

2. Section 1: Causes of World War II
What terms do I need to know?
Reparations- repayment of debt – Germany from WWI
Fascism – political ideology based on authoritarianism and military control
Dictator-leader of a country who controls with military
Genocide – mass killing of a group of people
World War II – –global war between Allied and Axis powers

3. Learning Targets
I can describe the impact of World War II on Georgia’s development economically, socially, and politically.
I can describe the impact of events leading up to American involvement in World War II to include Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
I can evaluate the importance of Bell Aircraft, military bases, the Savannah and Brunswick shipyards, and Carl Vinson.
I can explain the impact of the Holocaust on Georgians.
I can discuss the ties to Georgia that President Roosevelt had and his impact on the state.

4. Reasons for war
The Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War I, weakened Germany and made Germany pay reparations to the Allies. European economies struggled and hunger was widespread.
The U.S. hosted conferences with other nations to draft agreements and treaties designed to prevent war.
The U.S. economy depended on selling both farm products and manufactured goods to consumers in other places. The U.S. wanted those countries to have stable governments.

5. The United States was still struggling to get out of the Great Depression when war broke out in Europe in September WWII

6. Isolationism
The United States tried to maintain a policy of isolationism (not taking part in the affairs of other nations), but that came to an end as the war came to America’s shores.

7. Increasing Tensions
The 1930s was a time for the rise of dictators (individuals who wanted to rule countries through military might).
To them, order was more important than freedom, and the nation more important than the individual.
By appealing to nationalism (strong feelings for one’s nation and its traditions), these new leaders diverted their people’s concern away from democracy and human rights.

8. Expansion of Power & Territory
Japan, Italy, Germany and the Soviet Union were trying to expand their power and territory.
 Many Germans had never forgiven the victorious Allies for a peace settlement on them at the end of the WWI.
 Germany had been...
Forced to disarm
Told to make huge payments to the victors
Had to give up many of its overseas colonies & other land in Europe

9. Japan Italy Germany Soviet Union Emperor Hirohito Benito Mussolini
Adolf Hitler
Joseph Stalin
Industrial Nation
Did not have basic raw materials (coal, iron ore, rubber)
Seized most of coastal China
Sent Italian troops into the African nation of Ethiopia
Italy conquered Albania
Promised to make Germany a great nation again and to regain the territory lost after WWI
Began a program of economic improvements
Rebuilt the German military forces (violated treaty ending WWI)
Believed that German Jews were responsible for Germany’s defeat and began to persecute them.
His followers (Nazis) silenced all opponents.
Built up the country’s industries
Forced the peasants onto collective farms

10. Allied Leaders “the big four”
England – Winston Churchill
USA – FDR Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin
France – Charles De Gaulle

11. Alliances Form
Hitler (Germany) and Mussolini (Italy) sign a treaty and form the “Berlin-Rome Axis.”
Japan later joins.
Hitler and Stalin (Soviet Union) sign a nonagression pact (agree not to wage war against each other).

12. Hitler’s Quest for Power
In Hitler’s quest for power, he tried to unite all the Germanic peoples of Europe.
By early 1938, he had seized the Rhineland
(an area between France and Germany)
Annexed Austria
Great Britain and
France agreed to let
Hitler take over the
Sudetenland (part of
Czechoslovakia) =
appeasement (policy
of giving an aggressor
what it wants in order
to avoid war)

13. Warning
Great Britain and France warned Hitler NOT to seize any more territory.
On September 1, 1939, German troops invaded Poland.

14. The War Begins
1939-Shortly thereafter, Great Britain and France declared war on Germany.

15. Germany and Soviet Union Continue Quest
But before Great Britain and France could send troops, Germany and Soviet forces...
--divided Poland between them
--Soviets took over...
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Finland

16. Hitler Struck Again
Conquered Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, a large part of France.

17. British Army Retreated
The British Army retreated from the continent across the English Channel, and Hitler made plans to invade Great Britain.

18. Great Britain Holds Their Own
Hitler’s air force heavily bombed British cities from August through December 1940.
However, the Royal Air Force was able to hold off the German bombers, and Great Britain was not invaded.

19. FDR WWII got the U.S. out of Great Depression
FDR’s New deal also helped
FDR led the u.S. to victory in WWII

20. A Neutral United States
Many Americans felt strongly that the US should not get involved, but Great Britain was an ally and in desperate need of supplies. GB and U.S. major threats to Germany.

21. Lend-Lease Act In 1941, Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act, which
allowed President Roosevelt
to lend or lease weapons,
supplies, and equipment
to any country whose
defense was critical to
US security. The US
helped the Allied forces by
Lending or renting
military supplies.

22. Aid to Soviets
After Germany turned on and invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, Roosevelt gave lend-lease aid to the Soviets as well.
Roosevelt built air bases in Greenland and Iceland.
Planes from these
bases tracked
German submarines.
The US Navy
escorted British
ships part of
the way across
the Atlantic.

23. Germans Sank US Destroyer
In late 1941, German submarines sank an American destroyer.

24. American-Japanese Relations
Relations Got Worse
To protest Japanese expansion, the US stopped exporting airplanes, metals, aircraft parts, and aviation gasoline to Japan.
After Japan invaded French Indochina in 1941, Roosevelt seized all Japanese property in United States.

25. Japan Invades Dutch East Indies
Badly needing the oil that Roosevelt had cut off, Japan decided to invade the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) in late 1941.
Only force that could stop the Japanese was the US Navy stationed at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

26. A Day that Will Live in Infamy
December 7, 1941
Peaceful Sunday Morning, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii- Japanese attacked US Naval base
Many sailors stationed on the island were eating breakfast or going about their early morning routines
Suddenly, around 8 am, the air was filled with the sounds of machine gun fire and low level bombing.
Attack was over by 10 am
President Roosevelt called the attack a “day that will live in infamy.”

28. Damage Damage to the Navy’s Pacific fleet was incredible!
All 8 battleships in port were destroyed or severely damaged.
More than 180 planes were destroyed.
Over 2,000 people were killed.
Over 1,000 were wounded.

29. In response to Pearl Harbor, U.S. declares war on Japan

30. US Declares War Allied Powers Axis Powers United States Great Britain
On December 8, Congress declared war on Japan.
A few days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the US.
Allied Powers
Axis Powers
United States
Great Britain
Soviet Union
France (occupied)
Germany
Japan
Italy

31. p. 404 in textbook
Pg. 115 in worksheet packet