2. Speech OrganizationAnd Outlining

3. The Importance of Organization
A Well Organized Speech is:
Easier to Understand
Easier to Remember
More Likely to be Believed

4. Parts of a Speech
Introduction
Body
Conclusion

5. Standard Outline Format
Introduction
I. Attention Getter
II. Audience Relevancy/Link
III. Thesis Statement/Central Idea
Preview Statement:
One sentence that identifies the main points.
Body
I. Main Point
II. Main Point
III. Main Point
Conclusion
I. Summary Statement (Reflect Preview Statement)
II. Reinforcement of Overall Message
III. Closure Statement(s)

6. Steps to Preparing a Speech
Brainstorm
Research
Take Notes
Outline
Practice
Adjust to Meet Time Limitations

7. Preparing the Body

8. (See next slide for a sample of parallel language)
Devising Main Points
Limit the number of main points (2 – 5)
Restrict each point to one idea
Write Main Points as a statement that can be supported (A Claim needing proof)
Customize points for each audience
Use parallel language whenever possible
(See next slide for a sample of parallel language)
Maintain time balance between points

9. Parallel Language
Using the same wording to begin point titles; establishing a pattern
Example:
Swimming dissipates nervous tension
Swimming avoids muscle and bone injuries
Swimming builds endurance

10. 6 Organizational Patterns
Chronological Order (Time/Sequential)
Spatial Order (Location/Arrangement)
Cause-Effect Order
Problem-Solution Order
Topical Order
(& Order of Importance)
Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

11. Sample Order of Importance
Topic:
Types of Drinking Water
Main Points:
Tap Water
Home Filtered Water
Bottled Water
Order of Importance Themes:
Availability
Purity
Cost

12. Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
Attention (Focus the listener)
Need (Define the Problem)
Satisfaction (Propose a Solution)
Visualization (Benefits of using / Risks of not using the proposed solution)
Action (Final challenge / call for action to the audience)

13. Supply Smooth Transitions
Transitions – Words or phrases that indicate you are finished with one thought and are moving to another
Bridges – Link parts of the speech together
Internal Summaries – What was covered in the previous point
Internal Previews – What is coming up within the next point
Signposts – Indicate location within the message
Spotlights - alerts to important points

14. Preparing the Introduction

15. The Goals of an Introduction
To Gain Attention and Interest
To Apply the Message to the Audience
To Establish Your Credibility
To Preview the Body of the Speech

16. Attention Getting Devices
Tell a Story
Ask a Question
Rhetorical Questions
Overt-Response
Relate the Topic to the Audience
Cite a Quotation
Arouse Curiosity
Use Audio/Visual Aids
Nonverbal Actions
Humor
Challenges
Suspense
Startle the Audience (Ethically)

17. Orient the Audience Audience Relevancy Statement:
Connects the Attention Getter and the Topic to the Listeners
Introduction Content:
Provides a message focus that includes:
The Central Idea
A Preview of Main Points
Provides Topic Background/Focus
Establishes Credibility with Content and Confidence

18. Central Idea Writing Specific Purpose:
To inform my audience about the educational programs offered by the two academic divisions of Del Mar College.
Central Idea:
Del Mar College offers several educational programs under its two academic divisions.
Preview Statement:
There are programs offered by the Arts and Sciences division and by the Business and Technology division.

19. Tips for Preparing the Introduction
Keep the introduction brief (10 -20%)
Look out for possible opening materials
Be creative in devising the introduction
Don’t worry about wording until the speech body is complete
Work out the introduction in detail
Practice, practice, practice the delivery

20. Presenting the Body Maintain Attention 2. React to Feedback
(Use Attention Getting Devices Throughout the Speech)
2. React to Feedback
3. Make Smooth Transitions
4. Avoid Becoming Too Technical
5. Personalize the Speech With Audience-Specific Examples

21. Preparing the Conclusion

22. Two Major Functions of a Conclusion
1. To let the audience know you are ending the speech
2. To reinforce the audience’s understanding of (or commitment to) the central idea.

23. Steps for a Solid Conclusion
1. Signal the Conclusion
2. Summarize the Main Points
3. Reinforce the Central Idea
4. Psychologically Close the Speech
Reference to the Introduction (Attention Getter)
Quotations
Challenge
Dramatic Statement
Rhetorical Questions

24. Tips for Preparing the Conclusion
Keep an Eye Out for Good Closure Material (Quotations, etc.)
NEVER Add New Main Points or Content
3. Conclude With a Bang - Have a Strong and Solid Ending
Avoid “Thank You” and “ The End”
4. Don’t Be Long-winded ( %)
5. Don’t Leave Anything to Chance. Plan It Out in Detail.
6. Practice the Delivery

25. Outlining

27. Why Outline? Establish and Test the Structural Framework
Allows for Adjustments in Planning
Helps in Memorizing the Message
Helps in Preparing Speaking Notes

28. Types of Outlines Preparation Outline
A fully detailed and labeled outline used in planning the message.
Speaking Outline
An abbreviated version of the Preparation Outline used to job memory (also fully labeled).

29. Preparation Outline Guidelines
1. State the Specific Purpose
2. Identify Central Idea (Thesis)
3. Label Everything (Introduction, Preview, Body, Conclusion, Transitions)
4. Use Proper Symbolization
5. Use Full Sentences
6. Attach a Bibliography (Works Cited)

30. Symbolization 1. Main Points = Roman Numerals (I, II, III)
2. Sub-Points = Capital/Upper-Case Letters(A, B, C)
3. Sub-point Details = Arabic Numerals (1, 2, 3)
4. Subordinate Points = Lower-case Letters (a, b, c)
5. Subordinate Points = Arabic Numerals in Parentheses (1) (2) (3)
6. Subordinate Points = Lower-case letters in Parentheses (a) (b) (c)

31. I A. B. 1. 2. C. II a.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2) b.
III.

32. Remember the Rules If you have a 1, you must have a 2
If you have an A, you must have a B
If there is only one detail, keep it to one point I I.
A. Point A. Point:detail
1. Detail B. Point
B. Point II.
II.
Incorrect Correct

33. I.
Main Point 1 A. B.
II.
Main Point 2

34. Speaking Outline Guidelines
Follow the outline framework
Make it legible (type or print)
Keep it brief
Include speaking cues (blocking)

35. Sample Speaking Outline
Breathe A.
Smile 1.
E/C 2. B.
V/A II. A.

36. Final Reminders Focus on your audience at all stages of planning
Keep your message within time limits
Fully develop your outline
Carefully prepare your notes
Remember that your message will have a lasting impact: Make it solid!