1. Patterns of Evolution
Macroevolution- large scale evolutionary patterns and processes that occur over long periods of time.
Extinction
Adaptive radiation
Convergent evolution
Coevolution
Punctuated equilibrium
Changes in developmental genes

2. Extinction
More than 99% of species that have ever lived are now extinct
-no longer exists on earth
Competition for resources/change in environments
Can be gradual for individuals or can be catastrophic mass extinctions that affect entire ecosystems

3. Adaptive Radiation
When a single species or small group of species evolve into many diverse forms over time.
Examples: Mammals evolved, finches evolved

4. Convergent Evolution Unrelated organisms come to resemble each other
Animals and plants
Sharks, dolphins, seals, penguins

5. Coevolution
The process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time

6. Punctuated Equilibrium
Long, stable periods with little change in species interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change

7. Developmental Genes and Body Plans
Small changes in genes can result in large changes in an organism
Hox genes - “master control” genes for animal body plans
One change in a gene can result in wingless, one pair, or two pairs