1. Technical Seminar Presentation
Name: Anil Kumar
Section: M3R02
Roll No: B44
Reg No:

2. ROBOTICS

3. WHAT IS ROBOTICS
THE WORD ROBOTICS IS USED TO COLLECTIVILY DEFINE A FIELD IN ENGINEERING THAT COVERS THE MIMICKING OF VARIOUS HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS
SOUND CONCEPTS IN MANY ENGINEERING DISCIPLINES IS NEEDED FOR WORKING IN THIS FIELD
IT FIND ITS USES IN ALL ASPECTS OF OUR LIFE

4. What a Robot can mean?
An automatic industrial machine replacing the human in hazardous work.
An automatic mobile sweeper machine at a modern home.
An automatic toy car for a child to play with.
A machine removing mines in a war field all by itself and many more…

5. ROBOTICS
It is a field of Engineering that covers the mimicking of human behavior.
Robotics includes the knowledge of Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical & Computer Science Engineering.

6. Robots in Early History
Ancient Greek poet Homer described maidens of gold,
mechanical helpers built by Hephaistos, the Greek god
of metal smiths.
The golems of medieval Jewish legend were robot-like
servants made of clay, brought to life by a spoken
charm.
In 1495, Leonardo da Vinci drew plans for a
mechanical man.
Real robots were only possible in the 1950s and 1960s
with the introduction of transistors and integrated circuits.

7. First Commercial Robot
• After the 1950’s the first
commercial robot
nicknamed the
'Unimate‘, was created.
• The first Unimate was
installed at a General
Motors plant to work
with heated die-casting
machines .

8. Asimov's Laws of Robotics:
The term robotics was coined in the 1940s by science fiction writer Isaac Asimov.
Asimov's Laws of Robotics:
A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such order would conflict with the First Law.
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

10. WHY ROBOTICS ? Speed. It can work in hazardous/dangerous environment.
To perform repetitive task.
Efficiency
Accuracy
Adaptability

11. The Purpose of Robots Robots are also used for the following reasons:
􀂾 Repetitive tasks that robots
can do 24/7.
􀂾 Robots never get sick or
need time off.
􀂾 Robots can do tasks
considered too dangerous for
humans.

12. Robots can operate
equipment to much higher
precision than humans.
May be cheaper over the long
term
May be able to perform tasks
that are impossible for
humans

13. Wheeled Legged Climbing Flying
Types of Robot
Wheeled
Legged
Climbing
Flying

14. Components of ROBOTS Structure Power source Actuation Sensing
Manipulation
Locomotion

15. Structure
The structure of a robot is usually mostly mechanical and can be called a kinematic chain.
The chain is formed of links (its bones), actuators (its muscles), and joints which can allow one or more degrees of freedom.

16. Power Supply
Suitable power supply is needed to run the motors and associated circuitry
Typical power requirement ranges from 3V to 24V DC
220V AC supply must be modified to suit the needs of our machine
Batteries can also be used to run robots
Robots are driven by different motors :-
DC Motors
Stepper Motors
Servo Motors

17. DC Motors
As the name suggests, a motor which uses a DC (Direct Current) power
Can run in both directions
Speed Controllable

18. Stepper Motors Used for measured rotation
Can be held at a particular position of the shaft
Ideal for many autonomous robots requiring higher precision

19. Servo Motors :
Used in closed loop control systems in which work is the control variable.
An integral feedback device (resolver) or devices (encoder and tachometer) are either incorporated within the servo motor or are remotely mounted, often on the load itself

20. ACTUATION
Actuators are the "muscles" of a robot, the parts which convert stored energy into movement.
The most popular actuators are electric motors.

21. MANIPULATION
Robots which must work in the real world require some way to manipulate objects; pick up, modify, destroy, or otherwise have an effect.
Thus the 'hands' of a robot are often referred to as end effectors, while the arm is referred to as a manipulator.
Some manipulators are:
Mechanical Grippers
Vacuum Grippers
General purpose effectors

22. LOCOMOTION It is concerned with the motion of the robot.
Robot contains different types of drives:-
Differential drive
Car type
Skid steer drive
Synchronous drive
Pivot drive
Articulated drive

23. TYPES OF ROBOS RESPECT TO LOCOMTION
Rolling robots
For simplicity, most mobile robots have four wheels. However, some researchers have tried to create more complex wheeled robots, with only one or two wheels

24. Walking robots
iCub robot, designed by the RobotCub Consortium

25. FLYING ROBOTS
Flying: A modern passenger airliner is essentially a flying robot, with two humans to manage it. The autopilot can control the plane for each stage of the journey, including takeoff, normal flight, and even landing

26. SNAKING
Snaking: Several snake robots have been successfully developed. Mimicking the way real snakes move, these robots can navigate very confined spaces, meaning they may one day be used to search for people trapped in collapsed buildings. The Japanese ACM-R5 snake robot.can even navigate both on land and in water.

27. Human-robot interaction
Kismet can produce a range of facial expression

28. If robots are to work effectively in homes and other non-industrial environments, the way they are instructed to perform their jobs
The people who interact with them may have little or no training in robotics, and so any interface will need to be extremely intuitive. Science fiction authors also typically assume that robots will eventually be capable of communicating with humans through speech, gestures, and facial expressions, rather than a command-line interface.

29. ADVANTAGES Revolution in Medical science and Health care systems.
New & wide scope in Education & Training.
A good help in Nuclear industry.
Used tremendously in Sports activities.
Play the role of an efficient assistance in Research and Development sciences.
Can very well handle household business.

30. TOPIO, a robot developed by TOSY that can play ping-pong.
Robot research
TOPIO, a robot developed by TOSY that can play ping-pong.
Much of the research in robotics focuses not on specific industrial tasks, but on investigations into new types of robots, alternative ways to think about or design robots, and new ways to manufacture them but other investigations, such as MIT's cyberflora project, are almost wholly academic.

31. A first particular new innovation in robot design is the opensourcing of robot-projects. To describe the level of advancement of a robot, the term "Generation Robots" can be used. This term is coined by Professor Hans Moravec, Principal Research Scientist at the Carnegie Mellon University Robotics Institute in describing the near future evolution of robot technology.

32. Robots in Exploration • Robots are also used extensively for
• The hardest thing any
robot has to do is to be
able to taught how to
walk.

33. ROBOTS IN WAR The Mini-Andros is used by bomb squads across
the country to locate and
dispose of bombs. About
three feet long, the Mini-
Andros looks something
like a small armoured
tank with eight wheels on
four "legs" that extend
for climbing stairs

34. Robots in Fiction/Hollywood
Robby the Robot
(1956)– the first
robot seen at the
movies
• A scene from
Forbidden Planet
•Lost In Space (1965)
•Star Wars

35. FUTURE PROSPECTS
Scientists say that it is possible that a robot brain will exist by
Vernor Vinge has suggested that a moment may come when computers and robots are smarter than humans.
In 2009, some robots acquired various forms of semi-autonomy, including being able to find power sources on their own.
The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence has researched on this problem.

36. Thank you