1. Language, Learning, and Teaching

2. Learning a Second Language
Learning a new language
Learning a new culture
A new way of thinking
A new way of feeling
A new way of acting
Long and complex undertaking

3. Sending & Receiving Messages in a L2
Total
Commitment
Physical
Response
Intellectual
Emotional
Involvement

4. L2 LEARNING COURSES Inadequate on their own Facilitate learning a L2
Success is possible:
Teachers know what/how/ why variables affect learning a L2.
Long and complex undertaking

5. The L2 Teacher
Needs to understand the principles of language learning and teaching.
Needs to understand the many aspects of the process of L2 learning.
Understanding of how learners learn, determines:
Teaching style
Approach
Methods
Classroom techniques
Long and complex undertaking

6. DEFINITIONS Teaching style
Individual teachers' distinctive or characteristic manners of teaching.

7. DEFINITIONS
Approach
Theoretical positions and beliefs about the nature of language, the nature of language learning, and the applicability of both to pedagogical settings.
Describes how people acquire their knowledge of the language and makes statements about the conditions which will promote successful language learning.

8. DEFINITIONS
Methods
A generalized set of classroom specifications for accomplishing linguistic objectives. 
Method is an overall plan for the orderly presentation of language material.

9. DEFINITIONS Classroom techniques
Any of a wide variety of exercises, activities, or devices used in the language classroom for realizing lesson objectives.
Techniques must be consistent with a method, and therefore in harmony with an approach as well

10. Their Relationship
For approach, method, and technique, which determines which?
‡Approach determines method
Method determines technique
The organizational key is that techniques carry out a method which is consistent with an approach

11. LANGUAGE What is LANGUAGE? Language is systematic
Language is a set of arbitrary symbols.
Those symbols are primarily vocal, but may also be visual.
The symbols have conventionalized meaning to which they refer.
Language is used for communication.
Language operates in a speech community or culture.
Language is essentially human, although possibly not limited to humans.
Language is acquired by all people in much the same way; language and language learning both have universal characteristics.

12. L2 TEACHER
Understanding of the components of language determine how you will teach a language
Language and cognition
Writing systems
Nonverbal communication
Sociolinguistics
First language acquisition
Long and complex undertaking

13. LEARNING What is LEARNING? Learning is acquisition or ¨getting¨.
Learning is retention of information or skill.
Retention implies storage systems, memory, cognitive organization.
Learning involves active, conscious focus on and acting upon events outside or inside the organism.
Learning is relatively permanent but subject to forgetting.
Learning involves some form of practice, perhaps reinforced practice.
Learning is a change in behavior.

14. TEACHING What is TEACHING? Guides learning Facilitates learning
Enables the learner to learn
Sets the conditions for learning
Long and complex undertaking

15. THEORY OF TEACHING
Integrated with your understanding of the learner and the subject will allow you to choose the best procedure for the learners and context.
Long and complex undertaking

16. Language Teaching Before the 20th century
Goal: Reading in a foreign language
Classical Method was adopted for teaching foreign languages (Grammar Translation Method)
Focus on grammar rules, memorization of vocabulary, conjugations, translation and written exercises.

17. 20th CENTURY Methods Grammar Translation Method Direct Method
The Audiolingual Method
Community Language Teaching
The Silent Way
Suggestopedia
Total Physical Response
The Natural Approach
ECLECTIC APPROACH

18. 21 Century Communicative Language Teaching
Eclectical blend of previous methods
Teaching students to communicate genuinely, spontaneously, and meaningfully in the L2