1. Perceiving the crust in 3D: A model integrating geological, geochemical, and geophysical data
Virginia Strati1,2, Scott A. Wipperfurth3, Marica Baldoncini2,4, William F. McDonough3,5, Fabio Mantovani2,4
1INFN, Legnaro National Laboratories, Padua, Italy
2Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
3Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
4INFN, Ferrara Section, Ferrara, Italy
5Department of Earth and Planetary Materials Science and Research Center for Neutrino 9 Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi , Japan

2. Geologic Setting Huang et al. 2014 Scott A. Wipperfurth - UMD
Sudbury Crustal Signal
20 Jan. 2017

3. Huang et al. 2014
Interpolated reflection surveys, refraction surveys, interpreted cross sections
Simplified geologic map of Ontario
Huang et al. 2014
Scott A. Wipperfurth - UMD
Sudbury Crustal Signal
20 Jan. 2017

4. Huang et al. 2014 Huang et al. 2014 Scott A. Wipperfurth - UMD
Sudbury Crustal Signal
20 Jan. 2017

5. Huang et al. 2014 Estimated total geoneutrino signal: 40 +6.0-4.0 TNU
Estimated near-field geoneutrino signal: TNU
Lithologic unit of UC
Vol. (%)
U (ppm)
Th (ppm)
S(U+Th) [TNU]
Tonalite/Tonalite gneiss (Wawa-Abitibi)
60.6
Central Gneiss Belt (Grenville Province)
30.2
(Meta)volcanic rocks (Abitibi sub-province)
2.9
Paleozoic sediments (Great Lakes)
1.3
Granite or granodiorite (Wawa-Abitibi)
2.2
HS, Sudbury Basin
2.7
Sudbury Igneous Complex
0.1
Huang et al. 2014
Scott A. Wipperfurth - UMD
Sudbury Crustal Signal
20 Jan. 2017

6. Huang et al. 2014 Sample Locations
Scott A. Wipperfurth - UMD
Sudbury Crustal Signal
20 Jan. 2017

7. Huang et al. 2014
Huronian Supergroup Signal
90% of signal from Huronian Supergroup within 25km of SNO+
Signal Total (%)
Distance (km) from SNO+ detector
Scott A. Wipperfurth - UMD
Sudbury Crustal Signal
20 Jan. 2017

8. Geologic Model 112 Samples Sample/unit based on relative area
1:250,000 Geologic Map Ontario Base Map
Original
Simplified
Sample locations are far from the detector. # of samples / formation is not uniform nor relative to formation area or volume. Furthermore, many samples are from major mining areas. Why are these areas enriched in Uranium and others are not? Is the area around Sudbury enriched as well?
112 Samples
Sample/unit based on relative area
Scott A. Wipperfurth - UMD
Sudbury Crustal Signal
20 Jan. 2017

9. Geophysical Model Gravity Seismology
Combination of gravity and seismic reflection surveys
Seismology
Thus we should concentrate our sampling in the nearest 25 km to SNO+
Huang et al., 2014
Olaniyan et al., 2015
Scott A. Wipperfurth - UMD
Sudbury Crustal Signal
20 Jan. 2017

10. Geophysical Model Chelmsford Fm Onwatin Fm Onaping Fm Granophyre
9 defined units
Chelmsford Fm
Onwatin Fm
Onaping Fm
Granophyre
Norite-gabbro
Cartier granite
Thus we should concentrate our sampling in the nearest 25 km to SNO+
Huronian Supergroup
Upper Crust
Middle Crust
Central Gneiss Belt
Gneiss Tonalite Suite
Strati et al., 2017 submitted
Scott A. Wipperfurth - UMD
Sudbury Crustal Signal
20 Jan. 2017

11. Geochemical Model
N = 112 40
Measured U, Th, K abundance with High-purity Germanium gamma spectrometer (HPGe) and ~14 samples w/ ICPMS 30
Frequency 20
Thus we should concentrate our sampling in the nearest 25 km to SNO+ 10
100
101
102
ppm U
Scott A. Wipperfurth - UMD
Sudbury Crustal Signal
20 Jan. 2017

12. Geochemical Model Huronian Supergroup Uranium = 4.2 −1.7 +2.9 ppm
This Study (N = 51)
Huang et al., (N = 212)
Uranium = − ppm
Uranium = 4.2 − ppm
Thorium = − ppm
Thorium = − ppm
Potassium = − wt%
Th/U = 2.64
Th/U = K/U = 8370
Thus we should concentrate our sampling in the nearest 25 km to SNO+
* Best fit with log-normal distribution
Scott A. Wipperfurth - UMD
Sudbury Crustal Signal
20 Jan. 2017

13. Final Results Huang etal. 2013 Huang etal. 2014 This Study 2017
Model Type
Global
Local
Very Local
Signal 34
30.7
31.2
+ sigma
6.3
6.0
8.6
- sigma
5.7
4.2
4.7
TNU
We derived these similar lithologies from a geologic map produced by the Ontario Geologic Survey
Lack physical geometry of Huronian Supergroup sub-groups
Scott A. Wipperfurth - UMD
Sudbury Crustal Signal
20 Jan. 2017

14. Conclusion
Created crustal model using geophysics, geology, and geochemistry
Huronian Supergroup constitutes largest source of signal and uncertainty at SNO+
Due to U & Th heterogeneity
Future models require discretization of the Huronian Supergroup
We derived these similar lithologies from a geologic map produced by the Ontario Geologic Survey
Huang et al., 2014
This Study
Scott A. Wipperfurth - UMD
Sudbury Crustal Signal
20 Jan. 2017

15. Similar work in Japan… Geological Geochemical Geophysical
Isozaki et al. 2010
Scott A. Wipperfurth - UMD
Sudbury Crustal Signal
20 Jan. 2017

16. Summer Institute: Using particle physics to understand and image the Earth - v2.0
When: ~10 days in July, 2018
Where: Ferrara, Italy
Focus on:
Cosmogenic Isotopes
Geoneutrino
Neutrino Tomography
Muonography
Ask Bill McDonough or Fabio Mantovani for details
Scott A. Wipperfurth - UMD
Sudbury Crustal Signal
20 Jan. 2017