1. Session 4
Writing 1

2. Tujuan Instruksional Khusus
Mahasiswa mampu:
Membuat kalimat perbandingan
Mendeskripsikan gambar dalam bahasa inggris tertulis

3. Sentences with Comparisons
1. something is similar A=B
Our car is as fast as Peter's car.
2. something is not similar A><B
a) Use not as ... as (to say that something is not similar)
John's car is not as fast as our car. (A><B)
b) Use than (to say that something is bigger or smaller)
Our car is faster than John's car. (A>B) John's car is slower than our car. (A<B)

4. NOTE!
Peter is taller than me. (informal) Peter is taller than I am. (formal)
Max is as tall as me. (informal) Max is as tall as I am. (formal)
Do not mix up than with then.

5. When we compare two things in English we can use 'er' or 'more/less' to say something is 'bigger than' or 'more expensive than' etc.
However, there are other ways we can make comparisons like this. Look at these sentences. Can see other ways of comparing two things?
I'm not as good at English as Spanish. I didn't spend as much as I usually do today. I'll come as quickly as I can. The economy is growing twice as fast as expected. Is the UK the same as Britain? This bread doesn't taste the same as usual.

6. Incomplete Comparisons
A comparative sentence must clearly identify all the items that are being compared. This will help to ensure the comparison is complete. Complete comparative sentences also help to strengthen the delivery and clarification of the comparison. Below are some examples:
Incomplete Comparison: My car is newer than his.
Complete Comparison: My car is newer than his car.
Comparative sentences often use the words “more” and “most”. When the situation calls for the usage of these words, “than” and “that” must also be used.
Consider the following sentences:
Incomplete: My car is more new.
Complete: My car is more new than his car.

7. Describing Picture Principles
Students often ask, "But how do I write a purely descriptive essay? What's the point of description? What's so different about it?" There are three characteristics of a purely descriptive essay which are worthy of remembering.
a descriptive essay has one, clear dominant impression. If, for example you are describing a snowfall, it is important for you to decide and to let your reader know if it is threatening or lovely; in order to have one dominant impression it cannot be both. The dominant impression guides the author's selection of detail and is thereby made clear to the reader in the thesis sentence.
a descriptive essay can be objective or subjective, giving the author a wide choice of tone, diction and attitude. For instance, an objective description of one's dog would mention such facts as height, weight, coloring and so forth. A subjective description would include the above details, but would also stress the author's feeling toward the dog, as well as its personality and habits.
the purpose of a purely descriptive essay is to involve the reader enough to help him to actually visualize the things being described. A description essay deals with the distinctiveness of the object or scene.

8. Conventions
The descriptive essay relies on concrete, sensory detail to communicate its point. Remember, we have five senses, not one or two.
The author of a descriptive essay must carefully select his details to support the dominant impression. 
Description very often relies on emotion to convey its point. Because of this, verbs, adverbs, and adjectives convey more to the reader than do nouns.
Unless the description is objective, you must be sure that the dominant impression conveys an attitude.

9. Strategies
Try giving all the details first; the dominant impression then is built from these details.
Check your details to be sure that they are consistent with the dominant impression. You might even want to write down the five senses on a scratch piece of paper and check to see that you have covered them all.
Try moving your reader through space and time chronologically. For instance, you might want to describe a train ride from start to destination, or a stream from its source to the point at which it joins the river.
Use a then-and-now approach to show decay, change or improvement. The house where you grew up might now be a rambling shack. The variations on this strategy are endless.
Select an emotion and try to describe it. It might be more difficult to get started, but it can be worthwhile.

10. Example
It's a painting of two people in a forest. The forest looks strange and threatening. The man is in the bottom left corner of the picture. He is wearing a red pullover and blue trousers, and carrying a brown bag. He's holding a branch in his right hand.

11. The scene takes place at night
The scene takes place at night. The people are building a puzzle… a very strange puzzle. On the left there is a man on a ladder holding a piece of the puzzle. The man and woman in the middle are walking into the puzzle!

12. Thank you