3. Underline clauses. Label them R (restrictive clause) or
NR (nonrestrictive clause). Add commas to the NR. NR , , R R

4. Underline clauses. Label them R (restrictive clause) or
NR (nonrestrictive clause). Add commas to the NR. R NR , ,
R, NR , R NR , ,

5. A. Combine sentences to make a new complex sentence
containing an adjective clause in the subject pattern.
While he lectured, he showed us a slide that diagrammed
the double helix structure of DNA.
Words in English that begin with the consonants th are
often difficult for foreigners to pronounce.

6. A. Combine sentences to make a new complex sentence
containing an adjective clause in the subject pattern.
Foreigners also have difficulty with English spelling,
which is not always consistent with its pronunciation.
Anyone who wants to be a computer programmer
must have a logical mind.
Fans quickly lose interest in a sports team that loses
game after game.

7. B. Write sentences that contain an adjective clause
in the subject pattern.

8. Combine sentences to make a new sentence containing
an adjective clause in the object pattern.
As a young boy, Einstein had trouble in elementary and
high school, which he attended in Germany.
He did poorly in certain subjects such as history and
languages, which he disliked. / He did poorly in certain
subjects (that) he disliked such as history and languages.

9. Combine sentences to make a new sentence containing
an adjective clause in the object pattern.
The only subjects (that) he enjoyed were mathematics
and physics.
He developed theories (that) we use to help us to
understand the nature of the universe.
Einstein is best known for his general theory of relativity,
which he began to develop while living in Switzerland.

10. A. Combine sentences to make a new sentence containing
a possessive adjective clause in the subject pattern.
Securities Corporation’s president, whose expertise on
financial matters is well known, has a degree in business.
First National Bank, whose president comes from my neighborhood,
tries to attract customers of all ages and income levels.

11. A. Combine sentences to make a new sentence containing
a possessive adjective clause in the subject pattern.
Companies conduct market research to discover trends
among consumers, whose tastes change rapidly.
Maya Angelou, whose childhood was difficult, tells about
her early life in her book I know Why the Caged Bird Sings.

12. B. Combine sentences to make a new sentence containing
a possessive adjective clause in the object pattern.
John is dating Eileen’s sister, whose name I keep forgetting.

13. B. Combine sentences to make a new sentence containing
a possessive adjective clause in the object pattern.
Any company whose logo or symbol consumers easily
recognize has a better chance of success.
McDonald’s, whose golden arches most people recognize,
has restaurants all over the globe.

14. C. Write sentences containing possessive adjective
clause in either the subject or the object pattern.

15. A. Change the sentence with prepositional phrase to an
adjective clause. Write in both formal and informal patterns.
Affordable apartments in which young people would
like to live are scarce.
Affordable apartments that young people would like
to live in are scarce.

16. A. Change the sentence with prepositional phrase to an
adjective clause. Write in both formal and informal patterns.
Of course, many young people share apartments, but
they have to take care in choosing the people with
whom they will share living space and expenses.
Of course, many young people share apartments, but
they have to take care in choosing the people that/
whom they will share living space and expenses with.

17. A. Change the sentence with prepositional phrase to an
adjective clause. Write in both formal and informal patterns.
Living with people to whom you are not related can be
stressful, but it can also be fun.
Living with people that/whom you are not related to
can be stressful, but it can also be fun.
In many countries, young people continue to live with
their parents in the same house in which they grew up.
In many countries, young people continue to live with
their parents in the same house that they grew up in.

18. A. Change the sentence with prepositional phrase to an
adjective clause. Write in both formal and informal patterns.
In the United States, many young people do not choose
to live with their parents, from whom they may declare
their independence at age 18.
In the United States, many young people do not want
to live with their parents, whom they typically declare
their independence from at age 18.

19. B. Complete the relative clause with your own ideas.

20. A. Combine the sentence, changing the second sentence into
an adjective clause with a phrase of quantity or quality.
Puerto Rico attracts thousands of visitors, most of
whom come for the sunny weather, the beautiful
beaches, and the Spanish atmosphere.

21. A. Combine the sentence, changing the second sentence into
an adjective clause with a phrase of quantity or quality.
Puerto Rico has many historic sites, the most famous of
which are in the Old San Juan area of the capital city.
Puerto Rico’s economy, the most important sector of
which is services such as tourism and finance, is strong
compared to other economies in the region.
Puerto Ricans, all of whom are U.S. citizens, have
strong ties to the United States.

22. B. Complete the phrases of quantity or quality.

23. A. Combine the sentence, changing the second sentence
into an adjective clause of time or place.
Nineteen eighty-nine was the year when (that) the Berlin
Wall was torn down.

24. A. Combine the sentence, changing the second sentence
into an adjective clause of time or place.
In 1990, when East and West Germany were reunited,
Germany became one country again.
East Germany, where people had lived under communist
rule, became part of the Federal Republic of Germany.

25. A. Combine the sentence, changing the second sentence
into an adjective clause of time or place.
There was rejoicing in areas where Germans looked forward
to reunification with their fellow citizens.
There was anxiety in places where people feared
losing their jobs.

26. A. Combine the sentence, changing the second sentence
into an adjective clause of time or place.
Berlin, the new capital of Germany, is a city where many
important historical events have taken place.
1994 was the year when Russian and Allied troops finally
left Berlin.

27. B. Write sentences with adverbial adjective clauses:
two with when ad two with where.