1. Chapter 21 -The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
Overview of the Cardiovascular System and the Pericardium
Internal Anatomy and Organization of the Heart
Orientation and Superficial Heart Anatomy
The Heart Wall
The Cardiac Cycle
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FINAL ROUND

2. Topic 1: $100 Question
Which of the following structures are known as “exchange vessels” due to the exchange of nutrients, dissolved gases, and waste products which occur through their walls?
a. veins
b. capillaries
c. arterioles
d. venules
ANSWER
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3. Topic 1: $100 Answer
Which of the following structures are known as “exchange vessels” due to the exchange of nutrients, dissolved gases, and waste products which occur through their walls?
a. veins
b. capillaries
c. arterioles
d. venules
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4. b. visceral pericardium c. parietal pericardium d. pericardial sac
Topic 1: $200 Question
Which of the following consists of loose connective tissue that is bound to the cardiac muscle tissue of the heart?
a. fibrous pericardium
b. visceral pericardium
c. parietal pericardium
d. pericardial sac
ANSWER
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5. b. visceral pericardium c. parietal pericardium d. pericardial sac
Topic 1: $200 Answer
Which of the following consists of loose connective tissue that is bound to the cardiac muscle tissue of the heart?
a. fibrous pericardium
b. visceral pericardium
c. parietal pericardium
d. pericardial sac
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6. a. The right atrium collects blood from the pulmonary circuit.
Topic 1: $300 Question
Which of the following statements regarding the cardiovascular system is/are true?
a. The right atrium collects blood from the pulmonary circuit.
b. The right ventricle ejects blood into the systemic circuit.
c. When the heart beats, the atria contract first, followed by the ventricles.
d. All of the above are true.
ANSWER
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7. a. The right atrium collects blood from the pulmonary circuit.
Topic 1: $300 Answer
Which of the following statements regarding the cardiovascular system is/are true?
a. The right atrium collects blood from the pulmonary circuit.
b. The right ventricle ejects blood into the systemic circuit.
c. When the heart beats, the atria contract first, followed by the ventricles.
d. All of the above are true.
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8. a. fibrous pericardium and myocardium
Topic 1: $400 Question
Which of the following structures are, together, called the “pericardial sac?”
a. fibrous pericardium and myocardium
b. parietal pericardium and myocardium
c. fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, and myocardium
d. fibrous pericardium and parietal pericardium
ANSWER
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9. a. fibrous pericardium and myocardium
Topic 1: $400 Answer
Which of the following structures are, together, called the “pericardial sac?”
a. fibrous pericardium and myocardium
b. parietal pericardium and myocardium
c. fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, and myocardium
d. fibrous pericardium and parietal pericardium
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10. c. Pericardial fluid is secreted by the myocardium.
Topic 1: $500 Question
Which of the following statements regarding pericardial fluid is/are true?
a. The pericardial cavity normally contains ml of pericardial fluid.
b. Pericardial fluid acts as a lubricant, reducing friction between the opposing surfaces.
c. Pericardial fluid is secreted by the myocardium.
d. All of the above are true.
ANSWER
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11. c. Pericardial fluid is secreted by the myocardium.
Topic 1: $500 Answer
Which of the following statements regarding pericardial fluid is/are true?
a. The pericardial cavity normally contains ml of pericardial fluid.
b. Pericardial fluid acts as a lubricant, reducing friction between the opposing surfaces.
c. Pericardial fluid is secreted by the myocardium.
d. All of the above are true.
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12. The myocardium is/does not:
Topic 2: $100 Question
The myocardium is/does not:
a. contain layers of cardiac muscle tissue that form figure-eights as they pass form atrium to atrium.
b. associated with connective tissues and nerves.
c. continuous with the endothelium of the attached blood vessels.
d. consist of multiple, interlocking layers of cardiac muscle tissue.
ANSWER
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13. The myocardium is/does not:
Topic 2: $100 Answer
The myocardium is/does not:
a. contain layers of cardiac muscle tissue that form figure-eights as they pass form atrium to atrium.
b. associated with connective tissues and nerves.
c. continuous with the endothelium of the attached blood vessels.
d. consist of multiple, interlocking layers of cardiac muscle tissue.
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14. Topic 2: $200 Question
Which of the following statements regarding cardiac muscle tissue is/are false?
a. Cardiac muscle cells are almost totally dependent on anaerobic respiration to obtain the energy needed to continue contracting.
b. The circulatory supply of cardiac muscle tissue is more extensive than that of skeletal muscle tissue.
c. The relatively short T-tubules of cardiac muscle do not form triads with the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
d. b and c
ANSWER
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15. Topic 2: $200 Answer
Which of the following statements regarding cardiac muscle tissue is/are false?
a. Cardiac muscle cells are almost totally dependent on anaerobic respiration to obtain the energy needed to continue contracting.
b. The circulatory supply of cardiac muscle tissue is more extensive than that of skeletal muscle tissue.
c. The relatively short T-tubules of cardiac muscle do not form triads with the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
d. b and c
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16. Topic 2: $300 Question
Which of the following structures in cardiac muscle are bound together by desmosomes (macula adherens)?
a. T-tubules
b. sarcolemmae
c. myofibrils
d. intercalated discs
ANSWER
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17. Topic 2: $300 Answer
Which of the following structures in cardiac muscle are bound together by desmosomes (macula adherens)?
a. T-tubules
b. sarcolemmae
c. myofibrils
d. intercalated discs
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18. a. mechanically, chemically, and electrically
Topic 2: $400 Question
Cardiac muscle cells are connected to one another via which of the following ways?
a. mechanically, chemically, and electrically
b. chemically and electrically only
c. mechanically and electrically only
d. mechanically and chemically only
ANSWER
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19. a. mechanically, chemically, and electrically
Topic 2: $400 Answer
Cardiac muscle cells are connected to one another via which of the following ways?
a. mechanically, chemically, and electrically
b. chemically and electrically only
c. mechanically and electrically only
d. mechanically and chemically only
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20. a. It distributes the forces of contraction.
Topic 2: $500 Question
Which of the following is not a function of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
a. It distributes the forces of contraction.
b. It physically isolates the atrial muscle cells from the ventricular muscle cells.
c. It provides physical support for the cardiocytes and for the blood vessels and nerves in the epicardium.
d. All of the above are functions of the fibrous skeleton.
ANSWER
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21. a. It distributes the forces of contraction.
Topic 2: $500 Answer
Which of the following is not a function of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
a. It distributes the forces of contraction.
b. It physically isolates the atrial muscle cells from the ventricular muscle cells.
c. It provides physical support for the cardiocytes and for the blood vessels and nerves in the epicardium.
d. All of the above are functions of the fibrous skeleton.
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22. Topic 3: $100 Question
A large percentage of the sternocostal surface of the heart is comprised by the:
a. left ventricle
b. right ventricle
c. left atrium
d. right atrium
ANSWER
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23. Topic 3: $100 Answer
A large percentage of the sternocostal surface of the heart is comprised by the:
a. left ventricle
b. right ventricle
c. left atrium
d. right atrium
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24. Topic 3: $200 Question
The ____ of the heart sits posterior to the sternum at the level of the ____ costal cartilage, centered about 1.2 cm to the left side.
a. apex, fifth
b. base, third
c. apex, fourth
d. base, fifth
ANSWER
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25. Topic 3: $200 Answer
The ____ of the heart sits posterior to the sternum at the level of the ____ costal cartilage, centered about 1.2 cm to the left side.
a. apex, fifth
b. base, third
c. apex, fourth
d. base, fifth
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26. Which of the following mainly forms the inferior border of the heart?
Topic 3: $300 Question
Which of the following mainly forms the inferior border of the heart?
a. the inferior walls of both ventricles
b. the inferior wall of the left ventricle
c. the posterior interventricular sulcus
d. the inferior wall of the right ventricle
ANSWER
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27. Which of the following mainly forms the inferior border of the heart?
Topic 3: $300 Answer
Which of the following mainly forms the inferior border of the heart?
a. the inferior walls of both ventricles
b. the inferior wall of the left ventricle
c. the posterior interventricular sulcus
d. the inferior wall of the right ventricle
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28. Topic 3: $400 Question
The connective tissue of which layer of the heart at the coronary and interventricular sulci usually contains substantial amounts of adipose tissue?
a. epicardium
b. myocardium
c. endocardium
d. fibrous pericardium
ANSWER
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29. Topic 3: $400 Answer
The connective tissue of which layer of the heart at the coronary and interventricular sulci usually contains substantial amounts of adipose tissue?
a. epicardium
b. myocardium
c. endocardium
d. fibrous pericardium
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30. Which structure marks the border between the atria and the ventricles?
Topic 3: $500 Question
Which structure marks the border between the atria and the ventricles?
a. anterior interventricular sulcus
b. interatrial groove
c. coronary sulcus
d. posterior interventricular sulcus
ANSWER
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31. Which structure marks the border between the atria and the ventricles?
Topic 3: $500 Answer
Which structure marks the border between the atria and the ventricles?
a. anterior interventricular sulcus
b. interatrial groove
c. coronary sulcus
d. posterior interventricular sulcus
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32. d. right and left coronary arteries
Topic 4: $100 Question
Blood flows from the ascending aorta through the aortic arch into which of the following?
a. ascending aorta
b. aortic sinuses
c. descending aorta
d. right and left coronary arteries
ANSWER
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33. d. right and left coronary arteries
Topic 4: $100 Answer
Blood flows from the ascending aorta through the aortic arch into which of the following?
a. ascending aorta
b. aortic sinuses
c. descending aorta
d. right and left coronary arteries
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34. a. ligamentum arteriosum, pulmonary valve
Topic 4: $200 Question
The superior end of the right ventricle tapers to a smooth-walled, cone-shaped pouch called the ___, which ends at the ____.
a. ligamentum arteriosum, pulmonary valve
b. ligamentum arteriosum, tricuspid valve
c. conus arteriosus, pulmonary valve
d. conus arteriosus, tricuspid valve
ANSWER
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35. a. ligamentum arteriosum, pulmonary valve
Topic 4: $200 Answer
The superior end of the right ventricle tapers to a smooth-walled, cone-shaped pouch called the ___, which ends at the ____.
a. ligamentum arteriosum, pulmonary valve
b. ligamentum arteriosum, tricuspid valve
c. conus arteriosus, pulmonary valve
d. conus arteriosus, tricuspid valve
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36. a. pectinate muscles and papillary muscles
Topic 4: $300 Question
Which structures associated with the atrioventricular (AV) valves play an important role in the normal function of the AV valves during the cardiac cycle?
a. pectinate muscles and papillary muscles
b. chordae tendineae and pectinate muscles
c. trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles
d. chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
ANSWER
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37. a. pectinate muscles and papillary muscles
Topic 4: $300 Answer
Which structures associated with the atrioventricular (AV) valves play an important role in the normal function of the AV valves during the cardiac cycle?
a. pectinate muscles and papillary muscles
b. chordae tendineae and pectinate muscles
c. trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles
d. chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
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38. b. right coronary artery c. circumflex branch d. left coronary artery
Topic 4: $400 Question
Which vessel branches off the ascending aorta, turns to the right, and passes between the right auricle and the pulmonary trunk?
a. great cardiac vein
b. right coronary artery
c. circumflex branch
d. left coronary artery
ANSWER
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39. b. right coronary artery c. circumflex branch d. left coronary artery
Topic 4: $400 Answer
Which vessel branches off the ascending aorta, turns to the right, and passes between the right auricle and the pulmonary trunk?
a. great cardiac vein
b. right coronary artery
c. circumflex branch
d. left coronary artery
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40. a. right coronary artery b. left coronary artery c. coronary sinus
Topic 4: $500 Question
A small branch near the base of which vessel penetrates the atrial wall to reach the sinoatrial (SA) node?
a. right coronary artery
b. left coronary artery
c. coronary sinus
d. great cardiac vein
ANSWER
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41. a. right coronary artery b. left coronary artery c. coronary sinus
Topic 4: $500 Answer
A small branch near the base of which vessel penetrates the atrial wall to reach the sinoatrial (SA) node?
a. right coronary artery
b. left coronary artery
c. coronary sinus
d. great cardiac vein
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42. During ventricular systole:
Topic 5: $100 Question
During ventricular systole:
a. the atrioventricular valves open.
b. ventricular pressure exceeds arterial pressure.
c. atrial systole begins.
d. All of the above.
ANSWER
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43. During ventricular systole:
Topic 5: $100 Answer
During ventricular systole:
a. the atrioventricular valves open.
b. ventricular pressure exceeds arterial pressure.
c. atrial systole begins.
d. All of the above.
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44. a. cardiac pacemaker cells b. bundle of His (HIS) c. Purkinje fibers
Topic 5: $200 Question
Regarding the conducting system of the heart, the signal for contraction passes from the sinoatrial node to the atrioventricular node via which of the following?
a. cardiac pacemaker cells
b. bundle of His (HIS)
c. Purkinje fibers
d. internodal pathways
ANSWER
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45. a. cardiac pacemaker cells b. bundle of His (HIS) c. Purkinje fibers
Topic 5: $200 Answer
Regarding the conducting system of the heart, the signal for contraction passes from the sinoatrial node to the atrioventricular node via which of the following?
a. cardiac pacemaker cells
b. bundle of His (HIS)
c. Purkinje fibers
d. internodal pathways
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46. a. The atria contract together, before the ventricles.
Topic 5: $300 Question
Which of the following statements regarding heart contraction is/are false?
a. The atria contract together, before the ventricles.
b. The ventricles contract together in a wave that begins at the base and spreads toward the apex.
c. The stimulus for a contraction is generated at the sinoatrial (SA) node.
d. None of the above is false.
ANSWER
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47. a. The atria contract together, before the ventricles.
Topic 5: $300 Answer
Which of the following statements regarding heart contraction is/are false?
a. The atria contract together, before the ventricles.
b. The ventricles contract together in a wave that begins at the base and spreads toward the apex.
c. The stimulus for a contraction is generated at the sinoatrial (SA) node.
d. None of the above is false.
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48. Topic 5: $400 Question
Regarding the electrocardiogram, which of the following indicates ventricular repolarization?
a. P-wave
b. QRS-complex
c. T-wave
d. (a) and (c)
ANSWER
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49. Topic 5: $400 Answer
Regarding the electrocardiogram, which of the following indicates ventricular repolarization?
a. P-wave
b. QRS-complex
c. T-wave
d. (a) and (c)
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50. Topic 5: $500 Question
Which of the following statements regarding autonomic control of the heart rate is/are true?
a. Cardiac centers in the pons contain the autonomic centers for cardiac control.
b. Stimulation of the cardioinhibitory center governs the activities of parasympathetic neurons.
c. The cardiac centers receive input from the hypothalamic sympathetic and parasympathetic centers.
d. (b) and (c)
ANSWER
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51. Topic 5: $500 Answer
Which of the following statements regarding autonomic control of the heart rate is/are true?
a. Cardiac centers in the pons contain the autonomic centers for cardiac control.
b. Stimulation of the cardioinhibitory center governs the activities of parasympathetic neurons.
c. The cardiac centers receive input from the hypothalamic sympathetic and parasympathetic centers.
d. (b) and (c)
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52. FINAL ROUND Question
Which of the following indicates the correct order of steps of the movement of the contractile stimulus through the heart?
1 - The impulse travels along the interventricular septum within the AV bundle and the bundle branches to the Purkinje fibers, and, via the moderator band, to the papillary muscles of the right ventricle.
2 - Stimulus spreads across the atrial surfaces and reaches the AV node.
3 - SA node activity and atrial activation begin.
4 - The impulse is distributed by Purkinje fibers and relayed throughout the ventricular myocardium.
5 - There is a 100-msec delay at the AV node. a b c d
ANSWER
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53. FINAL ROUND Answer
Which of the following indicates the correct order of steps of the movement of the contractile stimulus through the heart?
1 - The impulse travels along the interventricular septum within the AV bundle and the bundle branches to the Purkinje fibers, and, via the moderator band, to the papillary muscles of the right ventricle.
2 - Stimulus spreads across the atrial surfaces and reaches the AV node.
3 - SA node activity and atrial activation begin.
4 - The impulse is distributed by Purkinje fibers and relayed throughout the ventricular myocardium.
5 - There is a 100-msec delay at the AV node. a b c d
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