1. Adenoiditis

2. Definition
Inflammation of the adenoid tissue, usually caused by an infection
Adenoids are masses of lymph tissue that help the body to fight infection
Adenoids are found in pharynx just behind the nose
Tonsils and adenoids are the first line of defense in throat
Classified into acute and chronic

3. Causes Virus Adenovirus Rhinovirus Paramyxovirus Bacteria
Streptococcus pyogens
Streptococcus pneumonia
Morexella catarrhalis

4. Risk factors Recurring infections in the throat, neck or head
Infections of the tonsils
Contact with airborne viruses and bacteria
Unhygienic practices

5. Signs and symptoms Fever Runny nose
Nasal airway obstruction leads to oral breathing
Dry mouth
Snoring
Sleep apnea
Rhinorrhea (serous secretion in viral form, mucus purulent secretion in bacterial forms)
Symptoms of bacterial adenoiditis will persist upto a week, but viral adenoiditis symptoms will recede spontaneously after 48 hours.

6. Swollen adenoid can block or restrict airways
Adenoiditis sometimes accompanied by tonsillitis
Repeated adenoiditis may lead to enlarged adenoids
In children's continuous mouth breathing leads to prominent teeth and thin upper lips. Generally children's will have a long face if there is chronic adenoiditis

7. Diagnosis History collection Physical examination Throat swabs
Blood test
X rays
Posterior rhinoscopy
Nasopharyngoscopy
CT scan

8. Management Medical management
Viral adenoiditis – treatment with analgesics or antipyretics is often sufficient
Bacterial adenoiditis – antibiotics
Amoxicillin, cephalosporin

9. Surgical management Adenoidectomy - surgical removal of the adenoids
Indications
Four or more episodes of recurrent adenoiditis
Persisting symptoms even after 2 courses of antibiotic therapy
Sleep disturbance with nasal airway obstruction
Nasal speech

10. Jenning’s mouth gag
St. Claire Thomson Adenoid Curette

11. Hyperextention of head with back supprot

12. Complications of adenoiditis
Ear infections – it can block Eustachian tube and cause GLUE EAR.
Sinusitis – it can block sinus cavity
Pneumonia and bronchitis