1. Splash Screen

2. Section 2: Climate and Vegetation Visual Summary
Introduction
Section 1: The Land
Section 2: Climate and Vegetation
Visual Summary
Chapter Menu

3. Africa south of the Sahara is a region of dramatic landforms and tremendous natural resources. A study of its physical geography will explain some of the processes that have shaped and continue to shape the diverse landscapes, climates, and vegetation of Africa south of the Sahara.
Chapter Intro 1

4. Section 1: The Land
Physical processes shape Earth’s surface. Africa south of the Sahara was formed millions of years ago by various physical processes that continue to influence and shape the region today.
Chapter Intro 2

5. Section 2: Climate and Vegetation
Physical processes shape Earth’s surface. Location near the Equator, elevation, rainfall, and ocean air masses influence the region’s climates and natural vegetation.
Chapter Intro 3

6. Chapter Preview-End

7. The Land
This section discusses the landforms, water systems, and natural resources of Africa south of the Sahara and the physical processes that have shaped them.
Section 1-GTR

8. The Land rift valley desertification delta estuary fault escarpment
cataract
region
network
Section 1-GTR

9. The Land A. Great Rift Valley B. Lake Tanganyika
C. Ruwenzori Mountains
D. Drakensberg Range
E. Lake Victoria
F. Niger River
G. Zambezi River
H. Victoria Falls
I. Congo River
Section 1-GTR

10. The Land
Can you explain why writer David Quamman refers to Africa as “a million places”?
A. Yes
B. No
C. Somewhat A B C
Section 1

11. Landforms
Africa south of the Sahara is a region of step-like plateaus, rising to mountains and slashed in the east by a rift valley, which was formed by shifting tectonic plates.
The Great Rift Valley:
Kilimanjaro
Lake Tanganyika
Lake Malawi
The Great Rift Valley
Section 1

12. Landforms (cont.) Mountains and plateaus:
This region is a series of plateaus that rise in elevation from the coast inland and from west to east.
Ethiopian Highlands
Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya
Ruwenzori Mountains
Drakensberg Range
Section 1

13. Which mountains are referred to as the “Mountains of the Moon”?
A. Ruwenzori
B. Drakensberg Range
C. The Alps
D. Mount Kenya A B C D
Section 1

14. Water Systems
Landforms and physical processes have influenced the region’s water systems, which include deep lakes, spectacular waterfalls, and great rivers.
Land of lakes:
Lakes Tanganyika and Malawi
Section 1

15. Water Systems (cont.)
Lake Victoria—world’s second-largest freshwater lake
Lake Chad—threatened with extinction
Section 1

16. Water Systems (cont.) A Human-made lake: Lake Volta River basins:
Niger
Zambezi
Congo
Water Systems in Africa South of the Sahara
Section 1

17. Which of following is a benefit due to Lake Volta?
A. Irrigation for farming
B. Fish supply
C. Hydroelectric power
D. All of the above A B C D
Section 1

18. Natural Resources
Mineral resources and water are among the region’s most abundant natural resources.
The wealth of natural resources is not distributed evenly among the region’s countries.
Section 1

19. Natural Resources (cont.)
Mineral resources—copper, iron ore, manganese, zinc, uranium
Half the world’s gold lies in Africa.
Diamonds
Water
Solar power
African vs. U.S. Crude Oil Reserves
Section 1

20. How much of the world’s oil is located in Africa? A. 4% B. 10% C. 25%
Section 1

21. Section 1-End

22. Climate and Vegetation
Location near the Equator, elevation, rainfall, and ocean air masses influence the region’s climates and natural vegetation.
Section 2-GTR

23. Climate and Vegetation
leach
harmattan
savanna
maximum
recover
undergone
Section 2-GTR

24. Climate and Vegetation
A. Serengeti Plain
B. Sahel
C. Namib Desert
D. Kalahari Desert
Section 2-GTR

25. Climate and Vegetation
Which of the following influences this region’s climate and natural vegetation?
A. Location near the Equator
B. Elevation
C. Ocean air masses
D. Rainfall
E. All of the above A B C D E
Section 2

26. Tropical Climates
The region’s location in the Tropics near the Equator influences its climate and vegetation.
Tropical climates:
Tropical wet
Tropical dry—savanna; Serengeti Plain
Africa South of the Sahara: Climate Regions
Section 2

27. Is the harmattan located in the tropical wet or tropical dry climate?
A. Wet
B. Dry
C. Both A B C
Section 2

28. Dry Climates
The dry climates of Africa south of the Sahara are located in the north and south.
Dry climates:
Steppe—Sahel
Desert—Namib, Kalahari
The Steppe as Transition Zone
Section 2

29. Dry Climates (cont.) Possible reasons for desertification:
Climate change
Human land use and animal activities
Section 2

30. Dry Climates (cont.) Midlatitude climates:
Marine west coast—Southern coastal areas
Humid subtropical—Southern coastal areas
Mediterranean—Cape Town
Highland—areas in East Africa
Section 2

31. Which climate region is a transition zone between two other regions?
A. Desert
B. Tropical dry
C. Steppe
D. Highland A B C D
Section 2

32. Section 2-End

33. Splits into a large delta in southern Nigeria
A. Niger River
Main artery in western Africa; a major means of transportation for people in the area
Splits into a large delta in southern Nigeria
Flows through tropical and dry climate regions
VS 1

34. B. Eastern Highlands and Mountains
Stretch from Ethiopia almost to the Cape of Good Hope
Include Ethiopian Highlands as well as volcanic summits of Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya
Ruwenzori Mountains are located in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Drakensberg Range in South Africa
VS 2

35. Formed by the shifting of tectonic plates
C. Great Rift Valley
Formed by the shifting of tectonic plates
Stretches from Syria in Southwest Asia to Mozambique in the southeastern part of Africa
Lakes Tanganyika, Malawi, and Victoria located in or near Great Rift Valley
VS 3

36. Among the largest human-made lakes in the world
D. Lake Volta
Among the largest human-made lakes in the world
Powers hydroelectric plant that generates electricity used throughout Ghana
Important for crop irrigation
VS 4

37. Forms largest network of navigable waterways on the continent
E. Congo River
Forms largest network of navigable waterways on the continent
Reaches the sea through a deep estuary, which is easily navigated by oceangoing ships
Flows through rain forests in tropical wet climate region
VS 5

38. Hot weather with little rainfall
F. Deserts
Namib Desert located along coast in southern Africa; Kalahari Desert located in interior of southern Africa
Hot weather with little rainfall
Deserts support some plant, animal, and human life
VS 6

39. Edges of African plateaus marked by steep, jagged slopes or cliffs
G. Escarpments
Edges of African plateaus marked by steep, jagged slopes or cliffs
Most escarpments located close to coast
Rivers flowing across plateaus plunge down escarpments in waterfalls
VS 7

40. About half the world’s gold deposits in South Africa
H. Diamonds and Gold
Major diamond deposits found in South Africa, Botswana, and Congo River basin
About half the world’s gold deposits in South Africa
VS 8

41. VS-End

42. Figure 1

43. Figure 2

44. Figure 3

45. Figure 4

46. Figure 5

47. DFS Trans 1

48. DFS Trans 2

49. rift valley
a crack in the Earth’s surface created by shifting
Vocab1

50. fault
a crack or break in the Earth’s crust
Vocab2

51. escarpment
steep cliff or slope between a higher and lower land surface
Vocab3

52. cataract
a large waterfall
Vocab4

53. desertification process in which arable land is turned into desert
Vocab5

54. delta
alluvial deposit at a river’s mouth that looks like the Greek letter delta (Δ)
Vocab6

55. estuary
an area where the tide meets a river current
Vocab7

56. leach
to wash nutrients out of the soil
Vocab8

57. savanna
a tropical grassland containing scattered trees
Vocab9

58. harmattan
a dust-laden wind on the Atlantic coast of Africa in some seasons
Vocab10

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