1. New National Government
SC involvement in the new National Government

2. 8-3.4
Analyze the position of South Carolina on the issues that divided the nation in the early 1800s, including the assumption of state debts, the creation of a national bank, the protective tariff and the role of the United States in the European conflict between France and England and in the War of 1812.

3. Focus Question
What problems did the US face at the end of the 1700s and beginning of the 1800s?

4. Issues that divided the Nation in the early 1800s
Assumption of state debts
Role of US in foreign affairs
Creation of a national bank
Issues that divided the Nation in the early 1800s
New Federal Government Established 1789
War of 1812
European conflict between England and France
Protective tariff

5. set a precedent for future presidents
First President
George Washington
Why important?
Everything he did
set a precedent for future presidents

6. Wanted an economic policy that would strengthen National Government
Secretary of Treasury
Alexander Hamilton
Wanted an economic policy that would strengthen National Government

7. Hamilton proposed… Federal = National
Federal government pay debt incurred as a result of the Revolutionary War
National government assume debt of states from the war
High protective tariff on imported goods
Increase cost of imported goods
Encourage Americans to make goods at home (US) rather than buy overseas
National Bank
Improve economic position of the US
Issue bank notes
Collect taxes
Federal = National

8. Developed as a result of disagreements over Hamilton’s proposals
Two political parties
Developed as a result of disagreements over Hamilton’s proposals
Federalists
Led by Alexander Hamilton
Favored Hamilton’s policies
Most Federalists were from New England
Low Country Elite from SC tended to
support
Believed in a strong central government
Promote trade
Industry

9. Democratic-Republicans
Led by Thomas Jefferson & James Madison
Opposed Hamilton’s proposals
Upcountry in SC supported

10. Assumption of state DEBTS
Most S. Carolinians supported this idea
So much of the war was fought in SC and the state had more debt
Democratic – Republicans opposed assumption
Compromise
DR agreed to assume state debt because…
Federalists agreed to support moving the nation’s capital to the banks of the Potomac River in the South
Alexander Hamilton agreed to move the capital because he won more support for his economic proposals

11. Creation of a National Bank
Democratic – Republicans
Constitution should be interpreted strictly
Constitution did not specifically grant Congress the right to create a national bank
Federalists
Loose interpretation of Constitution
Congress had been granted authority to make all laws that were “necessary and proper” to the execution of its powers
Bank was necessary
For power to tax
To control commerce
Both of these were powers granted to the national government in the Constitution

12. Washington sided with Federalists.
He agreed with Hamilton that a national bank was necessary to improve the economic position of the United States,
Signed into law a bill after it passed the legislature creating the First National Bank

13. Failed… Protective Tariff The Democratic-Republicans objected
Tax or duty on imported goods
increase cost of imported goods
Encouraged the growth of American manufacturing; rather than buy overseas
The Democratic-Republicans objected
To this extension of the power of the central government and
Wanted to balance federal power with state rights.
SC opposed a high protective tariff because it would raise the price of imported goods.

14. The policy of a nation in its interaction with other nations
Federalists and Democratic-Republicans also disagreed over foreign policy
The policy of a nation in its interaction with other nations

15. French Revolution When the French Revolution began in 1789,
The Democratic-Republicans supported the French and the ideals of the Revolution and in the overthrow of their king
The Federalists were
Appalled at the bloodshed and, when the French declared war on Britain (Napoleonic Wars),
Sided with the British (former mother country) hoping to
Secure more trade keep trade we had re-established
George Washington issued a Proclamation of Neutrality
The United States will remain neutral in the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and France

16. The XYZ Affair
President John Adams (2nd President 1797–1801) sent South Carolinian Charles Cotesworth Pinckney to negotiate peace with France.
We were not officially at war with France but they had attacked several of our ships because of our trade with Britain

17. Pinckney and two other Americans met with three representatives of the French government (in letters referred to them as X, Y, & Z) who asked for a bribe before they would even discuss a solution.
Furious, Pinckney replied, “No, no, not a sixpence, sir!”
Insulted, the US negotiators left France without a deal
This incident became known as the X, Y, Z Affair and brought the political parties into conflict

18. While Federalists prepared for war, Democratic-Republicans insult President John Adams (a Federalist) in their party newspapers. Angered at this insult, federalists passed the Alien and Sedition Acts (laws)

20. The Alien & Sedition Acts
These acts increased the residency requirement for American citizenship from five to fourteen years
Authorized the president to imprison or deport aliens considered "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States"
Restricted speech critical of the government.

21. Controversy over the Alien and Sedition Acts
contributed to the election
of Thomas Jefferson
as president in 1800.

22. The Napoleonic Wars continued…
Americans traded with both the British and the French.
The British practice of impressment became a major grievance
pressing into service American sailors they claimed were British citizens

23. Federalists opposed the embargo and (Later)
US passed the Embargo Act
to stop American trade with both Britain and France to avoid conflict.
The embargo devastated the American shipping industry based in New England
a Federalist region
Federalists opposed the embargo and (Later)
the War of 1812

24. War Hawks nickname given to those urging war with Britain
War of 1812?
Democratic-Republicans in the West
accused the British of urging
Native Americans to attack settlers.
When a British ship fired on an American ship, protest meetings were held all over South Carolina (and other states).
In 1810, War Hawk John C. Calhoun was elected to Congress from SC
and urged Congress
to declare war on Great Britain.
War Hawks nickname given to those urging war with Britain

25. In 1812, the United States declared war on Great Britain and
invaded Canada
where the American army was defeated.
orleansstar.ca

26. In 1814, a British army attacked Washington, D. C. and
set fire to the capital and
the president’s house [later the White House].
A re-enactment of the British burning of the White House in the History Channel documentary "First Invasion: The War of 1812."

27. adopt