1. Culture
We could use two films here, so we want lots of extra time. What to cut out?
Dangerous minds is good hopefully for expectancy and equity theory.
Dead Poets Society is internal / external

2. What People Say… “It was a good job, but I just didn’t fit in.”
Session Culture and Org Communication
BA Lecture Notes, Part 2
What People Say…
“It was a good job, but I just didn’t fit in.”
“The company’s values weren’t my values.”
“Everything was just too ___________.”
Formal
Chaotic
Competitive
These all involve the organization’s culture.

3. Culture Defined in an organization that influence how people act
Session Culture and Org Communication
BA Lecture Notes, Part 2
Culture Defined
A system of shared meanings and beliefs
in an organization
that influence how people act

4. Levels of Culture Espoused values –
Session Culture and Org Communication
BA Lecture Notes, Part 2
Levels of Culture
Artifacts – visible organizational structures and processes
Espoused values –
strategies, goals, philosophies (espoused justifications)
Basic Assumptions – unconscious, taken-for-granted beliefs, perceptions, thoughts and feelings (ultimate sources of values and actions)
Levels of culture from:, E. Schein, 1999, The Corporate Culture Survival Guide, Jossey Bass.

5. Where does culture come from?
Session Culture and Org Communication
BA Lecture Notes, Part 2
Where does culture come from?
Often reflects a founder’s values and vision
The culture of this class comes from my experiences in organizations, as a student, as a teacher
Is built from shared experiences and success.
Has been called the “residue of success” – reflects social learning about what works
Also reflects the industry, national and societal culture

6. Pervasive Influence of Culture in Organizations
Session Culture and Org Communication
BA Lecture Notes, Part 2
Pervasive Influence of Culture in Organizations
Filters what individuals see, how they interpret it, what they can do to take action.
Once established, culture tends to be very stable
Can be changed, with difficulty, in times of crisis by strong leaders

7. Describing Culture – 7 underlying dimensions
These are descriptive and are helpful in understanding how the company works, and you can make plausible links to whether they’ll lead to high performance.
The textbook and the cango exercise is useful to get a good handle on these.
Session Culture and Org Communication
BA Lecture Notes, Part 2
Describing Culture – 7 underlying dimensions

8. Common Types of Organizational Cultures
BA Lecture Notes, Part 2
Session Culture and Org Communication
Common Types of Organizational Cultures
Bureaucratic
Clan
Entrepreneurial
Market

9. Bureaucratic Culture (“Command and Control”)
MULTI was one of these
Bureaucratic Culture (“Command and Control”)
Formalization
Rules
Standard operating procedures
Hierarchical coordination

10. Clan Culture Tradition Loyalty Personal commitment
MULTI was one of these
Clan Culture
Tradition
Loyalty
Personal commitment
Extensive socialization
Teamwork

11. Adhocracy (Entrepreneurial) Culture
MULTI was one of these
Adhocracy (Entrepreneurial) Culture
High levels of risk taking
Dynamism
Creativity

12. Market Culture Achievement of measurable and demanding goals
MULTI was one of these
Market Culture
Achievement of measurable and demanding goals
Especially those that are financial and/or market-based
Very contractual arrangement

13. Cultural Dimensions Bureaucracy Clan Entrepreneurial Market
Session Culture and Org Communication
BA Lecture Notes, Part 2
Cultural Dimensions
Bureaucracy
Low risk taking, high attention to detail, high stability
Clan
High people and team orientation
Entrepreneurial
High risk orientation, low stability.
Likely to be some of: high people, high team,
high outcome, high aggressiveness
Market
High outcome orientation and risk taking

14. How is Culture Translated?
Session Culture and Org Communication
BA Lecture Notes, Part 2
How is Culture Translated?
Ceremonies
Rites (of passage, initiations)
Rituals
Stories
Myths
Heroes
Symbols
Language

15. Strong vs. Weak Cultures
Session Culture and Org Communication
BA Lecture Notes, Part 2
Strong vs. Weak Cultures
Strong cultures: Key components of culture are intensely held and widely shared
Strong cultures are associated with
Greater influence on employees
More committed employees
But strong cultures aren’t always good
Cults!

16. Summary Levels of Culture Dimensions Archetypes Translating Culture
When are cultures good or bad?