1. Volcano DRM team – 14 May, 2013 – Report to Plenary Session
CEOS Volcano Pilot
Volcano DRM team – 14 May, 2013 – Report to Plenary Session

2. Thematic Team Members Co-leads: Simona Zoffoli and Mike Poland
Members: Juliet Biggs, Sue Loughlin, Fabrizio Ferrucci, Steven Hosford, Mike Pavolonis, Rick Wessels, Christine Giguere, Chiara Cardaci

3. Rationale
Volcanic eruptions can be high impact and cross boundaries, yet relatively few volcanoes around the world are monitored
Space-based EO data are most cost effective for monitoring large numbers of volcanoes
Effective use of EO data to monitor volcanoes requires a multi-parameter observation strategy in both real-time for monitoring and retrospectively for improved scientific understanding. This holds true for deformation and emissions (thermal, gas, and ash)

4. Objectives
This pilot represents a stepping-stone towards the long-term goals of the Santorini Report (global background observations at all Holocene volcanoes; weekly observations at restless volcanoes; daily observations at erupting volcanoes; development of novel measurements; 20-year sustainability; and capacity-building). Specifically, we will:
Demonstrate the utility of integrated, systematic ,space-based EO as a volcano monitoring tool on a regional basis and for specific case studies
Provide space-based EO products to the existing operational community (such as observatories and VAACS) that can be used for better understanding volcanic activity and reducing impact and risk from eruptions
Build the capacity for use of EO data at the majority of the world’s volcanoes (particularly those that are not monitored by other means)

5. Proposed Activities - regional
Regional monitoring of Latin American volcanic arcs using satellite deformation, thermal, ash, and gas monitoring
Regional monitoring for thermal, gas, and ash emissions
Central America and Northern Andes with L-band
Central Andes with C-band
Select volcanoes with X-band
Select volcanoes with TIR, VNIR, and SWIR

6. Proposed Activities – site-specific
Site-specific multi-disciplinary, multi-platform monitoring of volcanoes representing a diverse cross section of eruptive activity and unrest
Persistent effusive eruptions (e.g., Hawaii)
Lava lake activity and frequent eruptions (e.g., Congo)
Dome-building (TBD)
Volcano-tectonic/ice interactions (e.g., Iceland)
Caldera systems (e.g., Campi Flegrei)

7. Partners
CEOS Agencies (ESA, ASI, DLR, JAXA, CSA, NASA, CNES, USGS, NOAA)
Research community (Bristol, Cornell, NOAA, USGS, BGS, INGV, IPGP, and other partners)
Operational Community (VAACs, volcano observatories, VDAP, civil defense)
Consortia (STREVA, GVM, IAVCEI, WOVO, Vhub, COMET+, ALVO) – regional scale multi-hazard modeling
Ongoing global/regional activities (e.g., GAR-15)

8. Contributions
CEOS Agencies will provide satellite EO data covering pilot areas of interest
Research community will provide personnel to develop derived products and training for end users
The operational community will use the derived data products and report on their utility
Consortia will help to link CEOS agencies and the research community with the operational users

9. Prospective Contributions
Integration!
Between different types of space-based EO data
Between space-based and in-situ data
Data handling (USGS?)

10. CEOS added value
CEOS adds value by coordinating data acquisition among space agencies
Takes advantage of GSNL

11. Milestones & Deliverables
2014: Begin studies at site-specific volcanoes of opportunity. Begin collection of data over Latin America data and development of derived products.
2015: Provide derived products to appropriate users in Latin America (e.g., VAAC, Observatories) and begin collecting feedback. Continue site-specific deformation, thermal, gas, and ash studies and use feedback to incorporate results into monitoring strategies. Provide initial evaluation of pilot results to World Conference on DRR.
2016: Receive reports from Latin American users on derived products and adjust as needed. Evaluate results from site-specific studies. Develop broader space-based EO strategy using insights from pilot in a formal report.

12. Users Washington and Buenos Aires VAACs
Operational volcano monitoring agencies in Latin American countries (Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Columbia, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico)
Operational volcano monitoring agencies for site-specific locales (USGS, Iceland Meteorological Office, United Nations, etc.)
Civil Protection agencies (through volcano observatories)
Response agencies (e.g., VDAP)

13. Capacity Building Latin America Site-specific localities
Derived products and better interactions with Buenos Aires VAAC
Derived products for volcano monitoring and civil protection agencies
Training workshops for data usage (via STREVA)
TBD Interactions with World Bank as appropriate
Site-specific localities
Derived data distributed as appropriate (e.g., through UN)
Links with ICTP

14. Cross-cutting Elements
Latin America is one of the most active tectonic settings in the world, and offer opportunities to examine deformation due to strong earthquakes
InSAR processing strategies and infrastructure can be exchanged between seismic and volcanic pilot groups
Lahars are a form of flood and are a problem at Latin American volcanoes, and hurricanes frequently strike Central America
Latin Amerian (Geospatial data consortium fro flooding (GEOSUR)?

15. Geography
Regional focus on Latin America (Mexico through Chile), with additional emphasis on specific volcanic systems
Test sites around the world
Hawaii
Iceland
Italy
Africa
TBD

16. Data Requirements and Observation Strategy
Monthly SAR data for Latin America (ALOS-2, Sentinel-1a/b, and RSAT-2)
Bi-weekly X-band SAR data for ~5 sites in Latin America
Weekly-monthly SAR data for site-specific locations (dependent on processes to be studied at each individual site)
TanDEM-X DEMs for flow modeling and InSAR phase corrections
Bi-weekly night-time by high-resolution TIR (LDCM) for all sites
On-demand VHR multispectral observation (Pleiades) for all sites
On-demand day-and-night high resolution VNIR-SWIR (SPOT5) for all sites
Routine UV, Visible, SWIR, and TIR measurements (e.g. GOES, SEVIRI, OMI, MODIS, AVHRR, VIIRS, OMPS, CrIS, AIRS, IASI, etc...) for monitoring volcanic emissions at all locations

17. Issues
Data access. This is not another Supersite project. But how do you respond to requests to use data collected by this pilot? This will likely be a problem with SAR…
Earth-Atmopshere. There is a disciplinary boundary between Earth and atmosphere, but this is artificial with respect to volcanic processes.