1. <Discussion>

2. XML – Extensible Markup Language

3. XML eXtensible – add to language. Markup – delimit info using tags.
Language – a way to express info.

4. Major Roles for XML

5. Store Data
XML
Document
XML Schema

6. Exchange Data
XML
Document
XML Schema

7. Client Access to XML Data
Present Info
XSL Stylesheet 1
XML
Document
XML
Document
XSL Stylesheet 2
Client Access to XML Data

8. Simplify Data Capture (eventually)
Database
Data encapsulation into data node
Insert data node

9. XML Includes … Marked up text XSD XForms Model XSL Parser XSLT XSL-FO
XHTML
HTML
XPath
Rendering
Agent
XForms
Processor

10. XML Documents -

11. An XML Document … A text document. Stores data.
Data items are delimited using tags.
Hierarchical structure. -

12. Tags: Data: <?xml version="1.0"?> <Customers>
<Id>5003</Id>
<CName>Jane</CName>
<Transaction>
<TDate> </TDate>
<Amt>-27.85</Amt>
</Transaction>
<TDate> </TDate>
<Amt>49.50</Amt>
</Customer>
</Customers>
Tags:
Delimit data.
Show meaning.
You make tags!
Data:
Rich data types.
Constraints.

13. Well Formed XML All data items are between tags.
Closing tags start with /.
Tags are case sensitive.
No spaces or symbols in tags. (Data may contain spaces and some symbols.)
Tags balance.

14. Tags and Data <?xml version="1.0"?> <Customers>
<Id>5003</Id>
<CName>Jane</CName>
<Transaction>
<TDate> </TDate>
<Amt>-27.85</Amt>
</Transaction>
</Customer>
</Customers>

15. Well Formed? <Cost>123.45<Cost>
<Cost><Quantity>123.45</Cost>15</Quantity>
<Cost>123.45</Cost><Quantity>15</Quantity>
<Cost>Homer Simpson</Cost>

16. XML Document Structure
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Customers>
<Customer>
<Id>5003</Id>
<CName>Jane</CName>
<Transaction>
<TDate> </TDate>
<Amt>-27.85</Amt>
</Transaction>
<TDate> </TDate>
<Amt>49.50</Amt>
</Customer>
<Id>5004</Id>
<CName>Tom</CName>
<TDate> </TDate>
<Amt>58.85</Amt>
</Customers>
Customers
Customer Id
CName
5003
Jane
Customer Id
CName
5004
Tom
Transaction
TDate
Amt
1/1/03
-27.95
1/7/03
49.50
Transaction
TDate
Amt
1/3/03
58.85

17. Hierarchy of Nodes Root Node / Document Element or Document Node
Customers
Document Element
or Document Node
Customer Id
CName
5004
Tom
5003
Jane
Node or Complex Element
(Simple) Element
Transaction
TDate
Amt
1/1/03
-27.95
1/7/03
49.50
Transaction
TDate
Amt
1/3/03
58.85

18. Key to Understanding? Meaningful, descriptive tag names! 103.95
<z>103.95</z>
<Price>103.95</Price>
<ListPrice>103.95</ListPrice>
<SalesPrice>103.95</SalesPrice>
Meaningful, descriptive tag names!

19. XML Schemas

20. An XML Schema … Defines the structure of an XML document.
Nodes.
Hierarchy.
Defines the elements in each node.
Tag.
Data type.
Constraints.
XML
Document
XML Schema

21. Valid XML Document Well formed. XML Document
XML document conforms to structure defined in XML schema.
XML Schema

22. XML Schema - Exchange Data
Document
XML Schema
Based on Standards

23. Identify Data Requirements
Defining an XML Schema
Agree on Definitions
Identify Data Requirements
Specify Structure
Specify Tags

24. Some Major XML Standards
eXtensible Business
Reporting Language (XBRL)
Financial
Reporting
EDI
XML/EDI and
electronic business
using XML (ebXML)
EFT
Direct
Deposit
Open Financial Exchange (OFX)
Tax Reporting
IRS e-file Standards

25. <?xml version="1.0"?>
<Customers>
<Customer>
<Id>5003</Id>
<CName>Jane</CName>
<Transaction>
<TDate> </TDate>
<Amt>-27.85</Amt>
</Transaction>
<TDate> </TDate>
<Amt>49.50</Amt>
</Customer>
<Id>5004</Id>
<CName>Tom</CName>
<TDate> </TDate>
<Amt>58.85</Amt>
</Customers>
Transaction
TDate
Amt
1/1/03
-27.95
1/7/03
49.50
Customer Id
CName
5004
Tom
5003
Jane
1/3/03
58.85
Customers

26. <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd = "
<xsd:element name = "Customers">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element ref = "Customer" maxOccurs = "unbounded"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
Transaction
TDate
Amt
1/1/03
-27.95
1/7/03
49.50
Customer Id
CName
5004
Tom
5003
Jane
1/3/03
58.85
Customers

27. <xsd:element name = "Customer"> <xsd:complexType> …
<xsd:element name = "Customer">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name = "Id" type = "xsd:string"/>
<xsd:element name = "CName" type = "xsd:string"/>
<xsd:element ref = "Transaction" maxOccurs = "unbounded"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
Transaction
TDate
Amt
1/1/03
-27.95
1/7/03
49.50
Customer Id
CName
5004
Tom
5003
Jane
1/3/03
58.85
Customers

28. <xsd:element name = "Transaction"> <xsd:complexType> …
<xsd:element name = "Transaction">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name = "TDate" type = "xsd:date"/>
<xsd:element name = "Amt" type = "xsd:decimal"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>
Transaction
TDate
Amt
1/1/03
-27.95
1/7/03
49.50
Customer Id
CName
5004
Tom
5003
Jane
1/3/03
58.85
Customers

29. <?xml version = "1.0"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd = "
<xsd:element name = "Customers">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element ref = "Customer" maxOccurs = "unbounded"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element name = "Customer">
<xsd:element name = "Id" type = "xsd:string"/>
<xsd:element name = "CName" type = "xsd:string"/>
<xsd:element ref = "Transaction" maxOccurs = "unbounded"/>
<xsd:element name = "Transaction">
<xsd:element name = "TDate" type = "xsd:date"/>
<xsd:element name = "Amt" type = "xsd:decimal"/>
</xsd:schema>

30. Validating XML Documents
Use software or web tools.
Topologi Schematron Validator.
GotDotNet Schema Validator.

31. XSL Stylesheet, etc.

32. An XSL Stylesheet … Gets and filters nodes in an XML document.
Transforms nodes.
Formats output.

33. Many XSL Stylesheets
XSL Stylesheet #1
XML
Document
XSL Stylesheet #2

34. XSL Stylesheet “Languages”
XML Path
XSL Transformations
XPath: gets nodes using paths and filtering patterns.
XSLT: transforms a document tree into a new document tree.
XSL-Formatting Objects
XSL-FO: describes how output looks. (HTML on steroids!)

35. Parsed and Rendered Output
XML Document
XSL Stylesheet + =

36. <xsl:stylesheet
xmlns:xsl=" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="/Customers">
<html>
<body>
<h1>Customer Information</h1>
<xsl:apply-templates select="Customer" />
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="Customer">
<b>Id: </b> <xsl:value-of select="Id" /><br />
<b>Name: </b> <xsl:value-of select="CName" /><br />
<xsl:apply-templates select="Transaction" />
<br /><hr /><br />
<xsl:template match="Transaction">
<b>Date: </b> <xsl:value-of select="TDate" />
<b>Amount: </b> <xsl:value-of select="Amt" /><br />
</xsl:stylesheet>
Transaction
TDate
Amt
1/1/03
-27.95
1/7/03
49.50
Customer Id
CName
5004
Tom
5003
Jane
1/3/03
58.85
Customers

37. Alphabet Soup of Xtechs
XForms
XML
Document
XSL Stylesheet
XML Schema
Languages & Formats
XForms Model
Marked up text
XPath
XSL-FO
XHTML
XSD
XSLT
HTML
Software
XForms
Processor
Editor &
Validator
XSL
Parser
Rendering
Agent

38. </Discussion>

39. Nodes and Elements Customers Customer Id CName Transaction Transaction
5004
Tom
5003
Jane
Transaction
TDate
Amt
1/1/03
-27.95
1/7/03
49.50
Transaction
TDate
Amt
1/3/03
58.85

40. <xsl:stylesheet
xmlns:xsl=" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="/Customers">
<html>
<body>
<h1>Customer Information</h1>
<xsl:apply-templates select="Customer" />
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="Customer">
<b>Id: </b> <xsl:value-of select="Id" /><br />
<b>Name: </b> <xsl:value-of select="CName" /><br />
<xsl:apply-templates select="Transaction" />
<br /><hr /><br />
<xsl:template match="Transaction">
<b>Date: </b> <xsl:value-of select="TDate" />
<b> Amount: </b> <xsl:value-of select="Amt" /><br />
</xsl:stylesheet>

41. <html>
<body>
<h1>Customer Information</h1>
<b>Id: </b>5003<br>
<b>Name: </b>Jane<br>
<b>Date: </b> <b> Amount: </b>-27.85<br>
<b>Date: </b> <b> Amount: </b>49.50<br>
<br><hr><br>
<b>Id: </b>5004<br>
<b>Name: </b>Tom<br>
<b>Date: </b> <b> Amount: </b>58.85<br>
</body>
</html>

42. <?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="Customers.xsl"?>
<Customers xmlns:mySchema="Customers.xsd">
<Customer>
<Id>5003</Id>
<CName>Jane</CName>
<Transaction>
<TDate> </TDate>
<Amt>-27.85</Amt>
</Transaction>
<TDate> </TDate>
<Amt>49.50</Amt>
</Customer>
<Id>5004</Id>
<CName>Tom</CName>
<TDate> </TDate>
<Amt>58.85</Amt>
</Customers>

43. Context and Selection Path/
Transaction
TDate
Amt
1/1/03
-27.95
1/7/03
49.50
Customer Id
CName
5004
Tom
5003
Jane
1/3/03
58.85
Customers
/Customers
/Customers/Customer
/Customers/Customer/Transaction

44. Processing Order & Data Exposed/
Transaction
TDate
Amt
1/1/03
-27.95
1/7/03
49.50
Customer Id
CName
5004
Tom
5003
Jane
1/3/03
58.85
Customers
Customers
Customer #1
Customer #2
Transaction #1
Transaction #2
Transaction

45. Transform and Render XSLT Parser Transformation XPath XSLT
Well-formed
Tree
XSLT Parser
XPath
Transformation
XSLT
XSL Stylesheet
Well-formed
Tree
XSL-FO
(HTML/CSS)
Rendering Agent
Rendering

46. Alphabet Soup of Xtechs
XForms
XML
Document
XSL Stylesheet
XML Schema
Languages & Formats
XForms Model
Marked up text
XPath
XSL-FO
XHTML
XSD
XSLT
HTML
Software
XForms
Processor
Editor &
Validator
XSL
Parser
Rendering
Agent