1. Unit 2: Plant Science
Topic -Grain Crops
Wheat, Barley & Oats

2. OBJECTIVE 3: Recognize that there are different types of wheat and the products that can be made from them.
There are six main types of wheat.
Each type grows best in certain areas of the United States
Each is best for different food products.

3. A. Hard red winter wheat— 1. Grown in the Great Plains states 2
A. Hard red winter wheat— 1. Grown in the Great Plains states 2. Best for bread, rolls, and all-purpose flour 3. The main U.S. wheat export

4. B. Hard red spring wheat— 1
B. Hard red spring wheat— 1. Grown in Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota 2. Best used in bagels, yeast breads, and rolls 3. Has the highest protein of all wheat varieties

5. C. Soft red winter wheat— 1. Grown east of the Mississippi River 2
C. Soft red winter wheat— 1. Grown east of the Mississippi River 2. Best used in cakes, pastries, and flat breads

6. D. Durum wheat— 1. Between 70 and 80 percent of the durum wheat in the United States is grown in North Dakota 2. Mainly used in pasta and seminola flour 3. Hardest of all U.S. wheat

7. E. Hard white wheat 1. Best used in tortillas, oriental noodles, hard rolls, and yeast bread 2. Milder and sweeter than red wheats

8. OBJECTIVE 3 continued
F. Soft white wheat
1. Grown in the Pacific Northwest, California, Michigan, Wisconsin, and New York
2. Best used in cakes, cookies, crackers, quick breads, muffins, snack foods, and pastries

10. OBJECTIVE 4: Discuss barley and the ways it is used.
IV. Barley is a very important grain crop in the United States.
Barley is usually planted in the spring and harvested in the fall.

11. A. There are two varieties of barley; both can be used in human foods
A. There are two varieties of barley; both can be used in human foods. 1. Covered barley is a variety of barley with a hull (outer covering of the kernel) so tight to the kernel that it must be sanded off. 2. Hulless barley is a variety of barley with a hull so loose on the kernel that it practically falls off during harvest.

12. B. The top 10 barley-producing states are North Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Minnesota, Washington, South Dakota, California, Oregon, Colorado, and Wyoming.

13. C. In the United States, 55 percent of the barley is used for animal feed, 40 percent is used for malt production, 3 percent is used for seed, and 2 percent is used for human food.

14. D. For human consumption, barley can be used in soups, pilafs, stew, desserts, cold cereals, pancakes, muffins, and breads.

15. OBJECTIVE 5: Discuss oats and understand how they are used. V
OBJECTIVE 5: Discuss oats and understand how they are used. V. Oats are the third leading cereal crop in the United States, only after corn and wheat.

16. A. Oats are grown in Iowa, South Dakota, North Dakota, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. B. About 95 percent of all oats are fed to animals, especially horses. C. The remaining 5 percent of oats is used in foods for human consumption. Food products made from oats include oat bran, oat flour, oatmeal, cookies, cakes, breads, muffins, and granola.