1. The Assessment of Water Utility's Efficiency in Libya ) Case Study (
Engineer Mahmoud F. Doro
General Company for Water and
Waste Water

2. Abstract
Libya is located in North Africa, covering an area of 1,759,540 km2.
The population is about 6.70 million (July 2012)
The population growth rate is 2.0%.
Available water resources in Libya is limited.
Libya is effected by climate change and is now one of the driest countries in the world.

4. Introduction
The General Company of Water and Waste water (GCWWW) is responsible for maintenance and operations of the water and wastewater in urban areas and rural settlements.
There are many challenges affecting the efficiency of the GCWWW.
The subject case study will focus on the water & wastewater sector in Libya and provide an overview of the present situation, as well as an assessment of technical and commercial sector of GCWWW.
The study will additionally highlight the main challenges facing GCWWW and make recommendation for development and action steps.

5. OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES

7. Great Man-Made River Project

8. Great Man-Made River (GMMRA(

9. Institutional Frame work
Authority of Water Resources
General Water Authority
)GWA)
General Company for Water and Waste water (GCWWW)
General Company fore desalination (GCD(
Great Man made River Project (GMMRA(

10. Assessment of GCWWW Activities
The Assessment will cover the following:-
Organization of the General company for water and waste water (GCWWW(
Infrastructure Managed by GCWWW
The Financial Sector

11. Organization of GCWWW The company covers all Libyan regions
Organized with…
(7) general departments
(8) Regional directions
(39) Service offices
(153) Services centers.
Total employees estimated to

13. GCWWW SCOPE OF WORK
Operate and maintain water supply and sewerage infrastructure
Control the quality of supplied water and waste water disposal.
Carry out connections and studies to enhance services.
Purchase raw and bulk water.
Collect charges to cover the operations costs - according to tariffs validated by the Prime Minister.

14. Water supply infrastructure Managed by GCWWW
Wells in operation:
Water treatment plants: 16
Ground tanks:
Elevated tanks: 888
Pumping stations: 569
Length of water networks: 15987km

15. Balance Between Resources and Demand

16. Non-revenue water

17. Elevated water tank for regulating Pressure before GMMRA

18. After GMMRA Low pressure customers have installed booster pumps

19. Old DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

20. 50 YEARS OLD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

21. Challenges effect to Water infrastructures Managed by GCWWW
The condition of the distribution system is very old some pipes having been installed more than 50 years ago.
The projects of water pipe lines installation which are still in planning or construction phase and delay in water distribution to all parts of cities.
The pressure of the water is not controlled which effects the flow of the water. Pressure is low in many parts of the city.
There is no planning for water demand management and distribution.
The technical losses are high.

22. WSS infrastructures Managed by GCWWW
Length of sewerage networks: km
Connection rate of householders: %
Total Number of Pumping Stations:
Considered in good state: 29
Considered as functional
Not working
Total Number of WWTPs: 24
WWTPs considered working: 10
Capacity of working WWTPs: 105,000m3/day
Volume Collected in 2016: ,000 m3/day
Volume treated in 2016: 105,000 m3/days
(%) of water distributed treated: 7% 

23. Waste water Treatment plant

24. Maintenance of sewerage
Pipe line 1000mm diameter at university street of Tripoli

26. Challenges to WSS Infrastructure Managed by GCWWW
Many existing WWTPs are plagued with technical problems.
Difficulties of completion and synchronization of different waste water system components (Collection, treatment, disposal/ reuse(.
Only 7% of water distributed is treated.
Connection rate of households: 40% 
Treated sewage effluent is not yet widely utilized as a water resource in Libya - a significant proportion of the treated effluent continues to be discharged in to the sea.

27. Financial Sector

28. Direct income from commercial activity

29. Estimated budget for 2015 and Expenses for 2014

30. Challenges effect to financial sector of GCWWW
Low Tariffs
Direct income related to tariff is insufficient to balance the operation costs.
Cumulative debt to date reached up to 450M LYD
Cumulative income shortage approximately 596M LYD
Illegal connections, no meters (stolen or broken).
Due to political change (revolution) the GCWWW does not control the customers, and the rate of direct income breakdown to 8% in 2016.
No effective customer information & billing system software.
Without State support GCWWW could not continue.

31. Conclusion & Assessment
GCWWW is Government Company
GCWWW does not control its clients
Distribution is poorly operated
The sewerage system is dysfunctional

32. Summary of Challenges effect to Efficiency of GCWWW
Expensive infrastructure but poor operation and maintenance
No effective tariff policies
Many facilities are in bad shape
Large waste of clean water (both misuses and losses)

33. GCWWW is Government Company
Low tariffs established by Government in
The actual number of employees three times higher than the standards estimated at

34. LOW Tariff Low Tariff -More investment in WSS.
-Losses National water Resources
Large waste of water
Low direct income
Customer complain
)bill not paid(
Low budget
facilities are in poor condition
Poor operation and maintenance
Bad Service

35. High Number of employees
The number of employees is high
Low qualification and skills
Low training budget
high salary budget
Low operation and maintenance budget
Poor operation and maintenance

36. GCWWW does not control its clients
GCWWW does not have a clear picture of number of the existing connections.
There is no effective customer information & billing software.
Meters exist but are not managed.
Many meters stolen or broken
No budget for new meters
GCWWW produces and purchases around 300 lcd which is high for dry countries.
Illegal connections are high
The variation of water distribution between cities and rural areas is too high.
High non-revenue water rates over 35%.

37. Distribution is poorly operated
There is no hydraulic sector, the pressure is only controlled at the inlet of bulk water supplied by GMMRA.
Pressure is too low in many parts of city causing customers to install boosters on their own connection.
The distribution system consists of old pipelines, which have leakage and can not
operate under high pressures.

38. The sewerage system are unmanageable
Skilled human resources allocated to GCWWW to adequately operate and maintain the infrastructures are limited.
Many facilities have been implemented without any master planning.

39. Recommendations for an Action Plan
Institutional development
Reorganization of the commercial service
Improvement of the distribution system
Master plan for sewerage and waste water treatment
Human resources development

40. Recommendation 1: Institutional development
by Company Management
By Government
Reduction of the costs
Decentralization trends
Significant Reduction in Personnel
Tariff revision
Increase Direct income
Merging of the production and distribution activities
Technical visits to other countries

41. Recommendation 2: Reorganization of the commercial sector
A. Water demand study
In our opinion, to plan the development of the water sector based on apparent consumption per capital over 300lcd is inappropriate.
Water is scare. It results in large part from fossil non-renewable resources. production costs are high but prices to the population are too low.
The demand study is preliminary step towards the definition of new tariff grid aligned with social, environmental and market national /local conditions.
Important portion of produced volumes are wasted in losses along the distribution system, and this is a critical issue to be tackled by GCWWW. But another relevant part is wasted through misuses beyond the connection, linked to wrong behaviors of GCWWW 's clients

42. Implementation of modern customer information & billing software and up dating the customer database.
C. Metering Management
A specific study is recommended as a first step to propose a global reorganization of the metering process, with specific attention to :
The model of standard connection
The type and class of meters to be used.
The introduction of RF technologies to ease the metering process.
The eventual use of alternative options, such as pre-payment, for specific categories of customers or areas.
The management of the meters (procurement, stocks, bench and procedures for repairs, ..etc.
Specific metering policies for the large customers.

43. D. Organization and procedures of the commercial service
Besides the implementation of new tools, a general reorganization of the commercial activities is to be under taken, including:
Organizational chart
Procedures at every step of the commercial process
HR management and training program to develop appropriate skills.

44. Recommendation 3: Improvement of the distribution system
The study must start with the hydraulic modeling of the distribution network. It will be the opportunity to review hydraulic assumptions, according to the preliminary results of the commercial study.
Articulation of distribution scheme study
Mission A: Diagnostic of the existing situation
Mission B: Review of the network design.
Mission C: SCADA design
Mission D: Operation and maintenance
Mission E : Investment program

45. Recommendation 4: Master plan of sewerage and waste water treatment
The general objectives of the master plans is to:
Have a global vision of the infrastructure necessary to perform a quality collective sanitation service through 2030.
Establish the infrastructure to be constructed to respond to the rainwater drainage constraints
Identify the financial requirements to allow the progressive implementation of the necessary facilities, looking for an overall coverage of the service over 95% at the end of period.
Identify the operational means to be established in order to improve services and operate and maintain the facilities.
Establish key indicators and targets to be reached for environmental protection.
Propose tariffs in order to cover at least the operational costs of the service.

46. Recommendation 5: Human resources development
Training for field staff
High Management Training
Technical visits to other countries

47. Action Plan

48. Preparation Application
Actions
2016
2017
2018
A. Institutional Development
A1 Technical tours to other countries
A2 . Assessment to general Management
B. Reorganization of the commercial service
B1. Water demand study
B2. Information & billing system
B3. New customer database with GIS
B4. Metering management
B5. Organization and Procedures
C. Improvement of the water distribution
C1. Tripoli
C2. Benghazi
C3. Other cities
D. Master plans of sewerage and water
D1. Tripoli
D2. Benghazi
E. Human resources development
E1. high Management Training
E2. Training program for field staff

49. Thank you