1. Regulation of radiation protection in Hungary
Anna Maria Motoc
„Frédéric Joliot-Curie” National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest
Continuing the topic discussed last week today I will present some aspects of the Hungarian regulation.
Radiation Protection Training Course, 2015
Semmelweis University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery

2. Radiation protection
An improper application of the ionising radiation may harm the health of humans and of fauna and flora, therefore damaging the environment.
In order to avoid these unwanted effects, for the control of radiation sources
Radiation protection was created
the protection against exposure to ionising radiation.
Shortly after the discovery of ionising radiations, their users realised that standards of protection had to be developed.
Due to this concern, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) was established in 1928.

3. their revision and development can only be done based on
For the effective operation of radiation protection, it is necessary to have appropriate laws and decrees.
Complying with these,
their revision and development can only be done based on
prescribed constitutional form.

4. Basic documents for Hungarian regulation
Organizations of International radiation protection - the main recommendations and regulations
Basic documents for Hungarian regulation

5. International organizations
Inter-governmental organization:
United Nations (UN)
and its subsidiary organization
UNSCEAR
(UN Scientific Commitee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation)

6. Specialised organizations
Word Health Organization (WHO)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
International Labour Organization (ILO)
IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency
Radiation protection recommendations,
Publications: Safety Standards, Safety Guides,
Safety Recommendations, Safety Requirements.
IAEA, with its headquaters in Vienna worked and work out recommendations, which are published in 4 versions:

7. Territorial organizations: Expert organizations:
OECD-NEA, EUROATOM, CERN
Expert organizations:
ICRP - International Commission
for Radiation Protection
ICRU-International Commission On Radiation
Units and Measurements
IRPA-International Radiation Protection Association
IEC-International Electrotechnical Commission

8. Legislative Process In Radiation Protection
ICRP
Report 60 (1990)
Basic Safety Standards (1996)
ICRP Publication 103 (2007)
EU DIRECTIVES
Ionising Radiations Regulations (2000)
The legislative process of the creation of a national legislation goes through this main steps:.
Nowadays the NL are based on the ICRP Rec. Publ. 60 released in 1990/1991 and the IBSS. These rec. were developed and adopted by EU through the Directives.
In 2007 a new version was published (publication was edited), which contens some changes in RP, but their recommandations were not introduced in NL yet
National Legislation

9. Governmental regulation
Governments have responsibility for the enforcement of the standard, generally through a system that includes a Regulatory Authority
National infrastructure includes:
legislation and regulations (law and decrees)
a Regulatory Authority empowered to authorize and inspect regulated activities
sufficent resources
adequate numbers of trained personnel
Following the ICRP rec. the NL is based on a governmental regulation and a nat. infrastructure

10. Regulatory Authority
The type of regulatory system adopted in a country depends on:
the size
complexity
safety applications of the regulated practices and sources
the regulatory traditions in the country
Atomic energy may be used only in such ways identified by legal regulations and subject to regular control by the authorities. The conditions for the safe application of atomic energy shall be determined by the regulatory authorities concerned. These authorities shall be independent of the public administration organisations having an interest in promoting and developing the use of atomic energy.

11. International Regulations
Radiation protection in Hungary
Previous regulation
International Regulations
ICRP Publication 60. (1991)
IAEA/IBSS International Basic Safety Standards
for Protection Against Ionising Radiation and
Safety of Radiation Sources (1996)
Act No. CXVI of 1996 on Atomic Energy
Decree No. 16/2000.
of the Minister of Health
For now is enough to notice the ICRP 60 because the basic act of regulation is based on his recommendations.
We use the short form for that: atomic law
In effect=érvényben lévő

12. Radiation protection in Hungary Present regulation
ICRP Publication 103. (2007)
IAEA/IBSS
EURATOM Directive 2013/59 (2013)
Act No. CXVI of 1996 on Atomic Energy
(modified)
Governmental Decree No. 487/2015

13. Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority
Decree 16/2000 of MH
Govern. Decree 124/1997
Decree 23/1997. of NM
OTH – SD – OSSKI
till 2015
Gov. Decree 487/2015
Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority
From 2016

14. Structure of the radiation protection framework
Act on Atomic Energy (1996) Executive Decrees (487/2015) Standards for workplaces Workplace Radiation Protection Rules

15. Governmental Decree No. 487/2015 (XII.30)
on the execution of certain provisions
of Act CXVI of 1996 on Atomic Energy
associated with radiation protection

16. Modified Act CXVI of 1996 on Atomic Energy
the Act defines the legal responsibilities of the users of nuclear energy and of the authority;
what it means, the nuclear energy peaceful uses?
For example: Panoramic X-Ray Equipment, industrial application (radiography)
the Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority (OAH) is charged with the primary responsibility for regulation and supervision of radiation safety.

17. Decrees of the Minister of Health
Decree No. 31/2001. (X. 3.) of the Minister of Health on the protection of persons exposed to ionising radiation in the course of provision of healthcare services;
Decree No. 30/2001. (X. 3.) of the Minister of Health on workplace radiation protection of outside workers;
which in its final clauses modifies the structure of radiological health organization

18. Goal of radiation protection
to prevent the occurrence of serious radiation induced acute and chronic deterministic effects (e.g.,cataracts, skin burns, acut radiation syndrom)
and
to reduce the potential for stochastic effects (e.g., cancers, hereditary effects) in exposed persons to a degree that is acceptable in relation to the benefits to the individual and to society from the activities that generate such exposures.

19. Basic radiation protection requirements
3 principles:
justification of practices;
optimization of protection and safety;
dose limitation.
In the course of optimisation the economical and society factors shall also be taken into account.

20. Justification of a practice
No practice involving exposures to radiation should be adopted unless it produces sufficient benefit to the exposed individuals or to society to offset the radiation detriment it causes.
An activity resulting in the release of ionising radiation may only be licensed in the case that it can be justified that the benefit to society counterbalances the potential adverse consequences of the radiation;

21. Optimization of protection
the protection and the safety shall be optimized:
the magnitude of individual doses,
the number of the persons exposed to radiation
the probability of the exposures should all be kept
as low as reasonable achievable (ALARA),
economic and social factors being taken into account.

22. Dose limitation
Is aimed at ensuring that no individual is exposed to radiation risks that are judged to be unacceptable from these practices in any normal circumstances.
The accumulated radiation doses arising from artificial sources, except the radiation doses arising from medical treatment, shall not exceed the dose limits set forth in the Decree (487/2015).
Intervention levels relating to emergency radiation doses (urgent protective measures: isolation, evacuation, iodine prophylaxis)

23. Members of the population Workers in emergency situation
Radiation protection dose limits with respect to workers and public members
Exposed workers
Students, trainees
(between y)
Members of the population
Workers in emergency situation
Effective dose
(whole body)
20 mSv/y
6 mSv/y
1 mSv/y
50, 100 and
250 mSv / case
Equivalent dose
Eye lenses
20 mSv/ y
15 mSv/y
skins
500 mSv /y
150 mSv/y
50 mSv/y
Pregnant or nursing mother employee can't be employed in radiation jobs.
487/2015 Government Decree

24. Licensing procedure
In relation to the facility serving for operation of the equipment (X-ray machine) generating ionising radiation :
Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority license,
Radiation Protection Description (RP expert)
Workplace Radiation Protection Rules

25. Basic requirements of the workplace radiation protection
Radiation Protection Service
Consist of at least one radiation protection officer and one deputy, appointed by the employer in writing;
The radiation protection qualification of the radiation protection officer shall correspond to the highest qualification level set forth for the workers of the organisational unit ;

26. Workplace Radiation Protection Rules
includes:
the description of the organisational structure and the tasks of the RP Service,
the tasks of the heads of facility,
technical description of the radiologically hazardous activities,
a description of the hazardous working area,
the classification of the workers, the requirements related to monitoring of the internal and external radiation doses of the workers,
the rights and obligations of workers working in radiation hazardous workplaces,
an emergency prevention and action plan.
The RP Service has to prepare the WRPRegulations, which will bw approved by RCs

27. Radiation protection qualification
Any equipment used in the field of the application of atomic energy and releasing ionising radiation or incorporating radioactive source may only be distributed and used if it has been qualified as being suitable from radiation protection point of view and has issued a
quality certificate
the expert opinion is given by NRIRR and the quality certificat is elaborated by OCMO of NPHAMOS.
The radiation protection quality certificate of equipment, device may only be issued:
if the product conforms to the radiation protection requirements set forth in the applicable standard .
In the case of those products when the product has an international and/or foreign radiation protection certificate of compliance in the case of which the obligation of acceptance exists only the registration (recording) of the product shall be performed.

28. Order of radiation protection training
Acquisition of radiation protection knowleadge shall be ensured within the framework of training and upgrading training (every five years)
Subject to examination
The art.8 asseses that: Only such persons might perform activities with IR who have taken part in the radiation protection training and further training and who have successfully passed the examination. Any activity might be performed under supervision of a qualified person in accordance with the characteristics of the activity prior passing the examination, however, for a maximum of one year.
Előir-order, assess, lay on

29. Radiation protection training
depending on the degree of the risk arising from the characteristics of the work:
basic level
extended level
work in industrial, medical, radiological areas (handle the radiation source independently, or who supervise such work positions);
comprehensive level
Only such persons might work in medical (radiological) areas where ionising radiation is used and handle the equipment independently (or supervise such work positions) who have achieved the extended level of RPT.

30. Monitoring radiation doses
Workers of radiation hazardous workplaces shall divided into two categories from the point of view of the monitoring of their radiation doses.
Workers classified in group "A" are those in the case of which the possibility exists that their annual effective dose might exceed the value of 6 mSv, or 3/10 of any of the organ dose limits.
All other workers shall be classified in group "B".

31. Dosimetry of workers
The personal dosimetry monitoring of the radiation doses originating from external sources is compulsory in the case of workers classified in group “A”.
A National Personal Dosimetry Service and Registry is operated at the NRIRR.
The external doses are evaluated by TLD dosimeter readings.
Dosimeters are distributed to about 16,000 people working at about 1300 institutions (about 58% of them in healthcare, 27% in the nuclear energy production).
All data are recorded and preserved when the dose at a single reading exceeds 0.1 mSv.

32. Personal dosimetry equipment
Electronic dosimeter
Film
badge
Personnel exposed to ionizing radiation are monitored to determine their occupational exposure. Although this consists primarily of monitoring external exposure, it is also necessary to assess the need to monitor internal exposure and, if necessary, incorporate it into a worker’s total monitoring system. External monitoring can be accomplished by using photographic film, or thermoluminescent or pocket dosimeters.
TLD

33. New personal dosimetry equipment
(TLD )