2. Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941
2,500 killed, 8 battleships damaged, 3 destroyers unusable, 3 light cruisers damaged, and 160 aircraft destroyed and 128 more damaged
USS Arizona: 1,200 sailors and marines on this ship alone, USS Oklahoma, and USS Utah suffered irreparable damage

5. Early War in the Pacific
Under General Douglas MacArthur in December of 1941 troops pushed back from Manila to a fort on Corregidor Island in the Philippines
Troops held out until May ’42
MacArthur forced to leave so that he does not get captured

7. Baatan Death March
POWs were forced to march over 60 miles up the Peninsula
Almost 10,000 died from malnourishment and exhaustion
Hundreds more died from brutal treatment in prison camps

11. Doolittle Raid Colonel James Doolittle
April led a force of 16 B-25 Bombers engaged in nighttime bombing raid on Tokyo
First time bombs had ever been dropped on Japan

15. Battle of Midway
June 1942 Admiral Chester Nimitz
Japan lost 4 aircraft carriers, a cruiser, and 250 planes
Turning point in war
Island Hopping Strategy
Assault on Guadalcanal in August 1942
Go from island to island capturing them on the way to Japan

17. Saipan, Guam, Leyte Gulf….
During these fights, Japanese soldiers fought to the death, even engaging in suicide bombings
More than 3,000 pilots had died in these kamikaze missions
Island hopping ended with battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa

19. Iwo Jima and Okinawa February 1945-Iwo Jima
60,000 Marines landed on Iwo Jima and almost 7,000 were killed
200 of 20,000 Japanese soldiers survive
April 1945-Okinawa
12,000 U.S. troops were killed compared to 110,000 Japanese
From this island America could launch its final offensive on Japan

22. Manhattan Project
Secret development of first atomic bomb in world history
J. Robert Oppenheimer and General Leslie Groves were the leaders
July 16, 1945 the bomb was tested outside of Alamogordo, New Mexico

34. On August 6, 1945 the U.S. Airplane the Enola Gay dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima. In the initial blast, more than 60,000 of Hiroshima’s residents were dead or missing. On August 9th the second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki initially killing 35,000 more.

36. Was the bomb necessary for victory?
Many critics of President Truman contend that there was no need to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima because Japan was already defeated in August of They argue that there would have been no need to invade the Japanese mainland and that the bomb did not significantly shorten the war and did not save enough lives to justify its use.
Source: Selected case studies in American History: The decision to drop the atomic bomb

37. Japan given enough warning and chance to surrender?
Critics of President Truman contend that he failed to warn the Japanese that they would be attacked with an atomic bomb and thus gave them no opportunity to surrender until the bomb was dropped. The critics also contend that the bomb could have been dropped in an unpopulated area to demonstrate its power.
Source: Selected case studies in American history: The decision to drop the atomic bomb

38. Do you agree or disagree with President Truman’s decision to drop the bomb? 3.8 Format
Base responses on information presented in today’s lesson as well as your previous knowledge of the events that resulted after the war was over.

39. “I asked Gen. Marshall what it would cost in lives to land…in Japan
“I asked Gen. Marshall what it would cost in lives to land…in Japan. It was his opinion that ¼ million casualties would be the minimum cost. …I asked Sec. Stimson which cities in Japan were devoted exclusively to war production. He…named Hiroshima and Nagasaki. We sent an ultimatum to Japan. It was ignored. I ordered atomic bombs dropped on the two cities. …Dropping the bombs ended the war, saved lives and gave the free nations a chance to face the facts.”
-President Harry S. Truman

40. “…We call upon the Government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all Japanese armed forces, and to provide proper and adequate assurances of their good faith in such action. The alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction….”
Source: Potsdam Declaration July 26, 1945
“On July 28 the Premier of Japan, Suzuki, rejected the Potsdam ultimatum announcing that it was ‘unworthy of public notice.’ In the face of this rejection we could only proceed to demonstrate that the ultimatum had meant exactly what it said….”
Source: Henry L. Stimson, The United States Secretary of War in Selected case studies in American history

41. “…The Japanese were already defeated and were ready to surrender because of the effective sea blockade and the successful bombing of conventional weapons...”
Source: Admiral William D. Leahy in Selected case studies in American history
“There was every reason to think that the Japanese would defend their homeland with even greater fanaticism than when they fought to the death on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. No American soldier who survived the bloody struggle on those islands has much sympathy with view that battle with the Japanese was over…”
Source: Karl Compton, atomic scientist and advisor to the President in Selected case studies

42. “The final decision of where and when to use the atomic bomb was up to me. Let there be no mistake about it. I regarded the bomb as a military weapon and never had any doubt that it should be used. The top military advisers to the President recommended its use, and when I talked to Churchill he unhesitatingly told me that he favored the use of the atomic bomb if it might aid to end the war….”
Source: Harry S. Truman in Selected case studies in American history: The decision to drop the atomic bomb