1. LATITUDE, LONGITITUDE, MAPS

2. LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE

3. Question: How do you find a new friend’s house?
You would need to know:
The continent
The country (assume the U.S.)
The state
The county
The city
The street
The house #

4. Question: How do you find a location on the Earth?
You need a reference system superimposed on the surface so they cross each other at right angles
This is called Latitude and Longitude
Latitude = angular distance north or south of the equator of a position on the Earth’s surface, measured in degrees

5. LATITUDE
North pole N N N N N S S S S
South pole S

6. LATITUDE Latitude begins at the equator (00 latitude)
Other latitude lines are drawn around the Earth parallel to the equator
Northward to 900 N, the North Pole
Southward to 900 S, the South Pole
Must indicate whether it is north or south
Ex. Tropic of Cancer = N
Tropic of Capricorn = S
Arctic Circle = N
Antarctic Circle = S
Lines of latitude are also called “parallels”

7. LONGITUDE
Longitude = angular distance east or west of the Greenwich Prime Meridian of a position on the Earth’s surface, measured in degrees
Lines of longitude are also called “meridians”
Formed at right angles to the latitude grid
Begins at an arbitrary point
00 Longitude = Prime Meridian
Prime Meridian extends from the north to the south pole

8. PRIME MERIDIAN

9. LONGITUDE
It passes directly through the Royal Naval Observatory in Greenwich, England, just outside London
On the exact opposite of the world is Longitude
This approximates the International Date Line
All lines of longitude are great circles
The are 3600, encompassing the whole planet
In latitude, only the equator is a great circle

10. LONGITUDE

11. LATITUDE & LONGITUDE
To identify a particular spot on Earth’s surface, you need to use a crossing of latitude and longitude lines
Latitude is listed first, then longitude
Ex. 320 S, 430 W

12. MAPS

13. What is topography?
Topography is the study of surfaces on Earth or study of illustrations of surfaces on Earth
What is bathymetry?
The study of the Earth’s underwater features/surfaces
Profiles and contour maps are used to show topography

14. CONTOUR MAP
Contour maps can reveal either hills or depressions

15. MAPS Maps = flat representations of Earth’s surface
Maps distort the size or shape of surface features
The only distortion-free map is a globe = dimensional model of Earth
Symbols are used on maps to depict surface features
Legend = explains symbols on a map

16. MAPS
Projections = takes the grid of latitude and longitude lines from sphere and converts them into a grid on a flat surface
Latitude and longitude can intersect at right angles or be complex curves that intersect at various angles
Four types: mercator, conic, polar, Eckhart (hoelzel)

17. MAPS
Mercator = Latitude and longitude at right angles; shown as a rectangle
Exaggerates distances at the poles

18. MAPS
Conic map = projection showing the poles

19. MAPS
Polar = projection showing the sphere with the pole at the center

20. MAPS
Robinson/Eckhart (hoelzel) = Modified cylindrical projection where the poles are distorted

21. LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE PRACTICE
Name the continent:
1. 00 latitude, 300 E
S, 00 longitude
N, 1000 E
N, 280 E
S, 600 W
Name the body of water:
N, 150 E
N, 1320 E
S, 1600 E
N, 850 W
N, 820 W
Be sure you are naming the CONTINENT!!!
Be sure you are naming the BODY OF WATER!!!

22. LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE PRACTICE
Name the country:
S, 1350 E
N, 450 W
N, 1380 E
S, 450 E
N, 1100 W
Give the coordinates for:
16. Florida
17. Alaska
18. Italy
19. Caribbean Sea
20. Bay of Bengal
Be sure you are naming the COUNTRY!!!
Be sure you are naming the LATITUDE first!!!

23. LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE PRACTICE
21. What is significant about 350 N, 680 E?
22. What are the coordinates for Greenwich, England?
23. What is located at 400 S, 1750 E?
24. What facility, important for our national defense, is located at 380 N, 1050 W (5- letter acronym?)
25. Although not visible on your map, what is located at 210 N, 1570 W?