1. Resources and Human Environment Interaction
Lets begin with a practice map quiz involving the provinces and territories of Canada!

2. Map Quiz: Identify the following provinces and territories 3 8 7 10 42

3. Resources Shape Ways of Life:
Oceans and Waterways
Both countries have important shipping and fishing industries, due to ocean access
Large rivers and lakes serve as sources of transportation, hydroelectric power, irrigation, fresh water, and fish
Eight of the world’s 15 greatest lakes are found in this region
Great Lakes
The longest and busiest river system is the Mississippi-Missouri-Ohio Rivers

4. Resources Shape Ways of Life:
Land and Forests
Canada and the United States contains some of the most fertile soils in the world
It is so productive that North America is the world’s leading food exporter
About ½ of Canada is covered by woodlands
1/3 of the United States is covered by woodlands

5. Resources Shape Ways of Life:
Minerals and Fossil Fuels
The United States and Canada have large quantities and varieties of minerals and fossil fuels
Allowed both countries to industrialize rapidly
Both countries have substantial deposits of coal, natural gas, and oil, and well-developed networks for distributing these energy-producing fossil fuels
The United States is the world’s biggest consumer of energy resources
Canada’s biggest recipient of energy resources is the U.S.

6. How much of Canada is covered by forest?

7. 1/2

8. Resources Shape Ways of Life:
Minerals and Fossil Fuels
The Appalachian highlands is one of the most important coal-producing areas in the world
In particular, the state of West Virginia

9. West Virginia Coal Mining:
In the first two decades of the 20th century, coal miners and coal companies in West Virginia clashed in a series of brutal conflicts over
Labor conditions
Unionization
Known collectively as the "Mine Wars”
The struggle included strikes, assassinations, marches, and the largest civil insurrection in the United States since the Civil War

10. West Virginia Coal Mining:
Nearly three quarters of a million men across the country spent 10 to 12 hours a day in coal mines
Miners everywhere suffered deplorable working conditions
Between 1890 and 1912, miners in West Virginia suffered the highest death rate in America
However, in 1933, Congress passed legislation guaranteeing the workers' right to unionize
This finally granted miners the full recognition of the union that they had fought and died for in the decades-long mine wars.

11. Between 1890 and 1912, what distinction did West Virginia have, because of coal mining?

12. Highest Death Rate

13. The Mine Wars by the American Experience
By completing this handout, we will have a deeper understanding of the American Mining Industry

14. Who Worked in the West Virginia Coal Mines? Video

15. The Coal Town System Video

16. Settlement and Agriculture Alter the Land:
The first inhabitants of this part of the world were called nomads
People who move from place to place
They hunted game, fished, and gathered edible wild plants
They made temporary settlements along coastlines and near rivers and streams
They adjusted to the climate

17. Settlement and Agriculture Alter the Land:
Many early settlements became permanent after agriculture replaced hunting and gathering
This occurred about 3,000 years ago
They change the landscape to meet their needs

18. Building Cities:
Where a city is built and how it grows depends a great deal on physical setting
Living by water was crucial for early settlers
Other factors that can affect the suitability for a city is
Landscape
Climate
Weather
Availability of natural resources

19. What ended nomadic life as the dominant way of life?

20. Agriculture

21. Building Cities: Montreal – Adapting to the Weather
Montreal, Quebec, is Canada’s second largest city
It is a major port
Even though its temperature is below freezing more than 100 days each year
It is located on a large island where the St. Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers meet
This location made it very appealing to early French explorers

22. Building Cities: Montreal – Adapting to the Weather
The French built a permanent settlement there in 1642
To make the city’s severe winters more endurable, people went inside and underground
Large areas of Montreal have been developed underground, including a network of shops and restaurants

23. Montreal:

24. Montreal’s Underground City

25. Why did the people of Montreal build a underground city?

26. To make the city’s severe winters more endurable