1. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION
Allameh Tabatabae’I University
Winter 2017

2. 01:00
Session one
Chapter 1, Reeve’s book

3. Questions Psychology Motivation Emotion
Are there different types of motives?
Are some people more motivated than others?
What are the sources of motivation?
Are motives permanent or temporal?
can we help people become more motivated or it depends their genes?
What is the difference between motivation and emotion?

4. Zahra valitabar
Zahravalitabar.com

6. Exam Reference
Lectures
Readings

7. Homework Chapters from Reeve’s book Reading Writing
Presentation a theory
Note: for taking notes use cornel taking note style

8. Scoring
12…………………...exam
8………………………class participant + homework + midterm (session 6)
2………………………for being present all the sessions
Negative point….for not obeying rules

9. During and after exam Time: 30 minutes Multiple choice test
Don’t ask questions
Sit down until the end of exam
Send your protest only through university website

10. 00:45

11. What is the purpose of psychology?
Like other sciences
Rigorous descriptive of causal variables of
Human behavior and mental processes

12. Levels of description
Law
Theory
Hypothesis
Effect
Doctrine
Principle

13. Law
the strongest and most rigorous
what is it?

15. Law of gravity

16. Theory
why is it?
No theory, whatever its qualities, is ever final, even though all the predictive statements made from it have been verified perfectly. There always remains the possibility that any given theory will be replaced by another theory that is simpler, more general, or more consistent with relevant theories

17. Theory of relativity

18. Hypothesis Explain a small or limited set of facts
whereas a theory attempts to encompass a broad range of facts and may even include several hypotheses

19. Hypothesis
Theory
Law

20. Effect
An event that invariably follows a specific other phenomenon as in causal relationship; a result

21. Doctrine
Principle established through past decisions and interpretations; a principle of faith; dogma; tenet of belief supported by a teacher, as school, or a sect

22. Principle
“a general inference that is derived from empirical studies but that cannot be stated unequivocally as a law

23. Examples in psychology
00:30
Examples in psychology
Achievement motivation theory
facial feedback hypothesis
Learned helpless effect
Principle of attachment

24. What is the purpose of psychology?
Some philosophers argued that all sciences can ultimately be reduced to one basic science (a future, idealized physics), unified in one theoretical structure; if so then laws about complex events (like human behavior, politics economics) can be deduces from general basic laws

25. So we need a theory ….

26. Motivation
Motivation is a theoretical construct used to explain behavior. It gives the reasons for people's actions, desires, and needs. Motivation can also be defined as one's direction to behavior, or what causes a person to want to repeat a behavior and vice versa.

27. Motivation
Root  motive

29. Avicenna Ibn Sīnā ابن سینا
Mayl
Avicenna made a distinction between the inclination (tendency to motion) and force of a projectile, and concluded that motion was a result of an inclination (mayl) transferred to the projectile by the thrower, and that projectile motion in a vacuum would not cease. He viewed inclination as a permanent force whose effect is dissipated by external forces such as air resistance.
Avicenna Ibn Sīnā  ابن سینا

30. Historical concepts of motivation
WILL
Instinct
Drive
Descartes
Darwin
Woodworth

31. Motivation (1) What causes behavior?
00:20
Motivation
(1) What causes behavior?
(2) Why does behavior vary in its intensity?

32. Sources of motivation

33. Emotions
• Feelings—subjective, verbal descriptions of emotional experience. • Physiological preparedness—how our body physically mobilizes itself to meet situational demands. • Function—what specifically we want to accomplish at that moment. • Expression—how we communicate our emotional experience publicly to others.

34. Expressions of motivation
Behavior
Engagement
Brain Activations and Physiology
Self-report

35. Behavioral Expressions of Motivation

36. Engagement

37. Brain and Physiological Activity as Expressions of Motivation

38. THEMES IN THE STUDY OF MOTIVATION
Motivation benefits adaptation.
Motives direct attention and prepare action.
Motives vary over time and influence the ongoing stream of behavior.

39. THEMES IN THE STUDY OF MOTIVATION
• Types of motivations exist. • Motivation includes both approach and avoidance tendencies. • Motivation study reveals what people want. • To flourish, motivation needs supportive conditions.

42. Outline Chapters Theories Introduction Initial theories Needs
Cognitions
Emotions
Unconscious motivations
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 12
Chapter 14
Will
Instinct
Drive
Drive theory
Set-point theory
Cognitive evaluation theory
Self-determination theory
Flow theory
Atkinson’s theory
Goal-setting theory
Reactance theory
Learned helpless theory
Self-perception theory
Cognitive dissonance theory
James–Lange Theory
Differential Emotions Theory
Lazarus theory
Weiner’s attribution theory of emotion
Dual-Instinct Theory
Contemporary Psychodynamic Theory
Object relations theory

43. Homework session 1 Chapter 1 from Reeve’s book Reading: none
00:10
Homework session 1
Chapter 1 from Reeve’s book
Reading: none
Writing: what is your theory? What makes you motivated?
Theories
Will
Instinct
Drive Freud
Drive Hall
Set-point theory

44. Books

45. Books

46. Articles
Kleinginna, P. R., & Kleinginna, A. M. (1981). A categorized list of motivation definitions, with a suggestion for a consensual definition. Motivation and emotion, 5(3), Elliot, Andrew J., and Martin V. Covington. "Approach and avoidance motivation." Educational Psychology Review 13.2 (2001):

47. Journals
Motivation and Emotion
Impact Factor1.612

48. Movies MIT open course, emotion Lecture 15: Emotion & Motivation
Lecture Slides (PDF - 4.6MB)
subtitle: MITOCW | MIT9_00SCF11_lec15_300k.mp4 – MIT Open Courseware
Open Yale course
Online courses on motivation and emotion
Related movies on YouTube

49. Relevant sites
Paul Ekman's website