1. Warm up
Describe two things the Europeans brought from the “Old World” to the “New World” (America)
Describe two things that the “New World” gave to the “Old World” (Europe)

2. Spanish Empire Grows!!!

3. Spanish Empire Grows!!!
Columbus returned w/ stories of the natives
Easy to convert to Christianity
Easy to enslave!

4. Given ownership but people there already…
Aztecs in Mexico
…and the Inca in South America

5. Spanish Empire Grows!!!
Spain sends Conquistadors – Spanish explorers / conquerors
Sent to bring home riches and slaves

6. Hernan Cortes Took 11 ships & 600 men into Mexico
Captured Montezuma – Aztec king
Destroyed Tenochtitlan – Aztec capitol

8. Aztec Civilization

14. Agriculture Corn beans Peppers squash Cocoa sweet potatoes
No beasts of burden – but..turkeys
Chinampas were floating gardens built on swamps.

19. Francisco Pizarro Landed in Panama w/ 180 men Moved South into Peru
Destroyed Incan Empire
Captured Atahualpa – King of Incas, and killed him after ransom was paid!

21. Francisco Coronado Explored into North America
Went as far north as Kansas & Oklahoma

22. Hernando de Soto Was w/ Pizarro in Peru Explored North America
Started in Florida, went north into Georgia & Tennessee
Discovered the Mississippi River & went south to Louisiana

25. Recap What are they looking for?
Wealth, spices, new sea routes, people to convert to Christians, & undiscovered land.

26. Indians considered “sub-human”
Forced labor systems develop

27. Colombian Exchange
many products were carried to and from the New World like:
to the New World: horses, cows, wheat, rice, & oranges
from the New World: corn, potatoes, tobacco, cacao (chocolate)
Europeans carried unknown diseases to the native Americans which killed millions (including Small Pox)

28. Potosi and Cerro Rico
The Cerro Rico was literally a mountain of silver in Spanish Peru, now Bolivia
Nearly 41,000 metric tons of pure silver were mined from Cerro Rico from 1556 to 1783.
Indian laborers, came to die by the thousands, not simply from exposure and brutal labor, but by mercury poisoning
30,000 African slaves were taken to Potosí during the colonial era.
Forced to work as acémilas humanas (human mules). Since mules would die after a couple of months pushing the mills, the colonists replaced every four mules with twenty African slaves

29. Spanish Silver and Pieces of Eight

30. What sorts of plants and animals were exchanged?
What was the impact of the Columbian exchange on population around the world?

31. Columbian Exchange

32. Native Americans
What sort of labor systems were developed as a result of the Columbian Exchange?
What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange on Native Americans?

33. American Indian Societies Destroyed and Transformed
Encomiendas
Spanish Crown gave land to Spaniards who promised to pay the Crown taxes
The Spaniards, extracted tributes from the Indians living on that land in form of goods, metals, money, and labor I
In return they provided Indians with protection and instruction in the Christian faith
Mita
mandatory public service in the society of the Inca Empire. It was effectively a form of tribute to the Inca government, in the form of labor (community-driven projects such as the building of their extensive road network)
The Spanish utilized this labor system for their own needs – forced labor in the silver mines…

34. Vanishing Natives Indigenous populations plummet!
Forced Labor and Disease
Who will do the work?

35. Silver Spanish silver from Potosi to Asia
South America to Philippines to China
Silver floods Chinese Market
devaluation of currency & recession
reduces price of Chinese goods in Europe
UH-OH……increases interest in Chinese culture…
Helps encourage Europeans in conquest and trade

36. Slavery
Why was there such a large influx of slaves into the New World?
Where did most of those slaves end up?
What about “unforced” migration?

37. Slavery in the New World
Triangular trade
Set of trades between three points
The most famous was sugar/rum/slaves
Begins the transatlantic slave trade:
African chiefs sell members of other tribes for guns & alcohol
10 –24 million Africans were brought to America
1 in 5 did not survive the journey (Called the “Middle Passage” because it was the middle leg of the triangle)