1. Astrit BARDHI Myrteza BRANESHI Thomaq KOBLARA Marjola PUKA
8th International Scientific Conference
Energy and Climate Change
Athens, 7-9 October 2015
Problems encountered in Albanian power system by connection of new power generation units
Astrit BARDHI
Myrteza BRANESHI
Thomaq KOBLARA
Marjola PUKA

2. In this paper we have study the impact of small hydropower plants in power quality of connection at power system in order to analysis the reasons that caused these anomalies and to find of the ways to overcome them.

3. CONTENTS
A brief historical development of Small Hydropower Plants in Albania
Problems encountered by connection of new power generation units
Analysis a part of distribution network.
Conclusions

4. A BRIEF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF GENERATION UNITS IN ALBANIA
Over 90% of Albanian electricity is produced by hydro power plants
The main hydropower plants are Ulza and Shkopeti with 25,6 MW and 24 MW capacities built along Mat river, Koman, Fierza and Vau i Dejes built along Drini river with 600 MW, 500 MW and 250 MW capacities .
Also, some thermal electricity generation units were built, but during the last two decades they are out of service.
Until the end of 90’ of the last century were built many SHPs, especially in rural area.

5. A brief historical development of Shps in Albania
The power capacity of SHPs was around 10% of total unit’s generation in Albania in the end of 90’.
The capacity of SHPs is between 100 to 400 kW.
The most of SHPs built before 90’, due to their amortization are out of service.
This situation continued until 2000’. During these years no new hydropower plants have been built.

6. Situation of shps before 2000’

7. Situation of shps before 2000’

8. Situation of shps before 2000’

9. A brief historical development of SHPs in Albania
After 2000, the privatisation schemas in energy production, tranmission and distribution network have started.
During the last years the interest of private investitors concerning to SHPs is increased.
Around 80 concessionary contracts for construction of SHPs have been approved.
The total capacity of SHPs is around 400 MW with annual energy production of 1,827 GWh.

10. SMALL HYDRO POWER PLANTS IN ALBANIA

11. OUR CASE OF SHP CONNECTION AT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

12. OUR CASE OF SHP CONNECTION AT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Generation units

13. ANOTHER CASES OF SHP CONNECTIONS AT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Generation units
Generation units

14. ANOTHER CASE OF SHP CONNECTION AT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Generation units

15. SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANTS IN ALBANIA
2011
2012
2013
2014
June-2015
35 kV 8 16 18 23 24
10 kV 38 43 50 55
6 kV 6 10 11
Total 52 62 71 84 90

16. Energy Annual Production of SHPs connection at 35 kV
Regional
Energy Annual Production
2011
2012
2013
2014
kWh
Tirane
35,518,610
Fier
31,042,291
33,438,444
50,136,750
45,688,475
Gjirok.
29,962550
59,851,102
53,023,582
28,189,924
Berat
10,644,869
23,413,459
29,280,293
30,667,730
Elbasan
22,575,251
46,404,599
53,459,932
43,352,289
Korçe
8,642,718
17,834,463
25,475,072
34,644,855
Kukes
15,114,050
14,784,140
Burrel
16,419,400
34,869,620
54,333,089
39,553,260
Total
154,805,689
246,519,077
309,488,032
300,390,466

17. ENERGY ANNUAL PRODUCTION OF SHPs CONNECTION AT 6, 10, 20 KV
Regional
Energy Annual Production
2011
2012
2013
2014
kWh
Tirane
13,150,988
Gjirok.
1,635,440
5,254,670
5,271,660
8,097,650
Berat
1,518,849
2,608,956
2,702,816
2,256,556
Elbasan
11,487,467
13,943,270
17,072,578
15,669,348
Korçe
17,465,319
15,855,486
19,206,944
20,868,914
Kukes
7,330,450
10,009,118
24,520,317
46,839,194
Burrel
5,838,650
8,772,599
15,276,894
19,382,382
Total
50,020,847
61,957,891
92,331,608
136,927,986

18. Progress of small hydropower development in Albania
year
Kesh Gen
SHPs
Coefficient of Small/Ekesh gen
Installed power
Annual production
Number of small hydropower plant plants
Power by SHP/ power by other power stations kW
MWh
pieces %
2006
1,431,000
5,516,000 27
26.017
1.82
61,918
1.12
2007
2,933,000 33
27,454
1.92
59,177
2.02
2008
3,770,000 34
27,759
1.94
62,025
1.65
2009
5,201,000 35
28,009
1.96
89,306
1.72
2010
7,555,000 43
53,194
3.72
159,040
2.11
2011
1,350,000
3,899,477 53
77,854
5.77
136,831
3.51
2012
4,027,012 69
142,104
10.53
290,998
7.23
2013
5,811,762 90
226,004
16.74
548,148
9.43
2014
6,895,452 94
240,100
18.23
657,453
11.3

19. Voltage nodes with shps, the worst scenario.
Nominal Voltage
[kV]
Value of node voltage
[%]
System_110 kV
110
100
B10kV_Bogove 10
11.83
118
B10kV_Çorovode
12.73
127
B110kV_Uznove
110.44
B20kV_Uznove 20
20.07
B_110kV_Berat
B35kV_Bogove 35
41,42
B35kV_Çorovode
44.58
B35kV_FQ1
45.01
126
B35kV_FQ2
44.96
B35kV_Poliçan
39.78
113
B35kV_Uznove
35.79
102
B6kV_Poliçan 6
6.81
B6kV_Uznove
6.07
101

20. IMPACT OF SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANTS ON VOLTAGE LEVEL IN REGIONAL POWER SYSTEM

21. PROBLEMS APPEARED IN POWER SYSTEM BY SHPs
These energy recourses are built on rural area, where the distribution system is a radial form.
At rural electric power system, no investments were done in recent years.
In some cases, the energy production by SHPs is not supported by the power transformers of substations.
The transmission lines are overloaded, which can cause the interruption of the supply with electricity of consumers.

22. PROBLEMS APPEARED IN POWER SYSTEM BY SHPs
Another problem encountered is that the voltage values in some power system nodes are upper than nominal or allowed value.
The private investirors are not interested about capacities of existing transmission lines or substations at regional distribution system.
Development of SHPs is realised in the indepedent form and it is not in good acordance with investments of Distribution System Operator.
Often, the new small hydropower plants, due to limited transmission lines capacities of distribution system, operate under their capacities.

23. Recommendations
To improve voltage levels in the system, the first thing that we recommend is the change of the configuration of the system, from a radial network to a ring network.
Improvement of contracts of private operators with Albanian Power Corporation, in which small producers of electricity to give in or take from reactive power.
In the power system the installed new transformers must be with automatic on load tap charger.
To establish a Dispaching Center in order to monitor and analysis on line the power parameters as active and reactive power production, nodes voltage level, frequency etc.

24. Thank You