1. National report of Poland
3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland
National report of Poland
COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC)
Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences (WUELS)
University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (UWM)
Military University of Technology (MUT)
Zofia Bałdysz, Jarosław Bosy, Mariusz Figurski, Tomasz Hadaś, Paweł Hordyniec, Anna Kłos, Krzysztof Kroszczyński, Grzegorz Nykiel, Jacek Paziewski, Witold Rohm, Jan Sierny, Katarzyna Stępniak, Karolina Szafranek, Paweł Wielgosz, Karina Wilgan et al.

2. GNSS tomography for nowcasting (WUELS)
Torrential rain associated with strong movements of the ascending air within the large convection cells Cb
Tomography retrieved water vapour densities on 3 consecutive levels, convection cores should match with the increase of water vapour in bottom part (pool) and with sudden decreas of WV in cloud section (rain).
Geo satellite cloud image
National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

3. Assimilation of GNSS PW in WRF (WUELS)
Comaprison of Td (left panel) and RH (right panel) with PW 3DVAR assimilated (red) and without (black), WRFDA, benchmark validated with RS.
Wilgan et al. „ GNSS observations as a numerical weather prediction data source, first results for ZTD/IWV assimilation over Poland”
National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

4. NRT service „WUEL” (Poland) & „WLIT” (Lithuania) networks (WUELS)
Total: 310 stations
Mean dist.: 40 km
National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

5. Optimalization of ZTD stochastic modeling (WUELS)
Optimum value for the ZTD random walk process in real-time analyses, depending on the station location and processing period.
, details in presentation by Hadas T. et al.
Mean variability of ZTD in 2013, 2014 and 2015
Global test network (IGS collocated with radiosondes), June 2013
Seasonal variation of mean ZTD variability ( )
Hadas T. et al. „On troposphere delay stochastic modelling in precise real time GNSS applications”
Results: ~8% of improvement (RT residuals vs IGS final ZTD)
National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

6. Near-real time FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC atmospheric profiles
GPS radio occultation (WUELS)
Near-real time FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC atmospheric profiles
Excess phase processing to dry atmospheric profiles
Open Loop correction in the troposphere
Radioholographic methods to resolve signal multipath:
Full Spectrum Inversion (FSI) and Phase Matching (PM)
Inverse Abel transform to retrieve refractive index profile
Forward operator to bending angle
Validation with respect to CDAAC atmPrf and radiosonde profiles:
± 100 km collocations
up to 4 units residuals for refractivity
Data from Taiwan Radio Occultation Process System (TROPS) will be included.
National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

7. Papers and conferences (WUELS)
Hordyniec P., Bosy J., Rohm W. Assessment of errors in precipitable water data derived from global navigation satellite system observations, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 129 No. , Amsterdam, the Netherlands 2015, pp
Wilgan K., Zenith total delay short-term statistical forecasts for GNSS Precise Point Positioning, Acta Geodetica et Geomaterialia, Vol. 12 No. 4 (180), Prague, Czech Rep. 2015, pp
Wilgan K., Rohm W., Bosy J., Multi-observation meteorological and GNSS data comparison with Numerical Weather Prediction model, Atmospheric Research, Vol. 156 No. , Amsterdam, the Netherlands 2015, pp
CONFERENCES:
Bosy J., Wielgosz P., Sub-Commission 4.3: Atmosphere Remote Sensing and 4.4: Multi-constellation GNSS of IAG Commission 4: Positioning and Applications, "Badania geodynamiczne z wykorzystaniem współczesnych osiągnięć geodezji", Józefosław, October 2015
Hadaś T., Kapłon J., Bosy J., Towards Real-time GNSS Troposphere Delay Monitoring Service for Poland, 5th International Colloquium Scientific and Fundamental Aspects of the Galileo Programme, October 2015, Braunschweig, Germany
Hernández-Pajares M., Wielgosz P., Paziewski J., Krypiak-Gregorczyk A., Stępniak K., Bosy J., Kapłon J., Hadaś T., Orus-Perez R., Monte-Moreno E., Yang H., García-Rigo A., Olivares-Pulido G., Improved MSTID Modelling and Impact on Precise GNSS Processing, 5th International Colloquium Scientific and Fundamental Aspects of the Galileo Programme, October 2015, Braunschweig, Germany
Rohm W., Guzikowski J., Kryza M., Wilgan K., Hordyniec P., Kapłon J., GNSS observations as a numerical weather prediction data source, first results for ZTD/IWV assimilation over Poland, AGU Fall Meeting 2015, San Francisco, USA, December 14-18, 2015
Wilgan K., Rohm W., Bosy J., Hurter F., Geiger A., Tropospheric Profiles of Total Refractivity Based on Numerical Weather Prediction Model and GNSS Data Using the Collocation Software COMEDIE, AGU Fall Meeting 2015, San Francisco, USA, December 14-18, 2015
National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

8. NWM-derived tropospheric products for RTK positioning (UWM)
Exploitation of Numerical Weather Model (NWM) - derived tropospheric products such as zenith tropospheric delays and mapping functions’ coefficients.
In analyzed case study, the NWM-based tropospheric products stem from the Global Forecast System (GFS) of the National Centres for Environmental Prediction (NCEP).
Several permanent GPS stations of SAPOS active geodetic network located in the Alpine foreland were selected as a test network.
The calculations were performed using in-house developed GNSS processing software – GINPOS – for selected days with different weather conditions.
The results indicate on the advantage of the NWM derived products over standard models for tropospheric delay modelling in precise kinematic positioning.
Time to fix in RTK positioning for selected troposphere modelling approaches
Modified Hopfield
NCEP derived tropo products
National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

9. Improving reprocessing methods for climate monitoring (UWM)
Determine the most accurate and homogeneous processing strategy to reprocess ground-based GNSS data for climate monitoring applications using PPP and DD solution in Bernese GNSS Software 5.2.
Study on impact of a new network design strategy algorithm and tropospheric modeling approach on the quality and homogeneity of solutions.
Using new strategy, the reprocessed ZTD series are much more continuous and homogeneous in comparison to the standard strategy.
The results are validated with Precise Point Positioning solution and with respect to ERA-Interim reanalysis.
Stępniak et al.: „Improved methods for reprocessing of GNSS data for
climate monitoring over Poland” & STSM at IGN (France)
Network of 138 GNSS stations (including 33 EPN stations, 105 from ASG-EUPOS stations)
Time series of ZTD obtained from old and new baseline strategy, before screening for BILG station
National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

10. Papers, conferences, interships (UWM) Papers and conferences (WUELS)
Paziewski J, Wielgosz P, 2015, Accounting for Galileo-GPS inter-system biases in precise satellite positioning, Journal of Geodesy, Vol. 89(1), pp 81-93, DOI /s
Paziewski J, Sieradzki R, Wielgosz P, 2015, Selected properties of GPS and Galileo-IOV receiver intersystem biases in multi-GNSS data processing, Measurement Science and Technology 07/2015; 26(9):095008
Rzepecka Z., Kalita J., Stępniak K., Wielgosz P., 2015, Time series analysis of radio signals wet tropospheric delays for short-term forecast, Acta Geodynamica et Geomaterialia, V. 12, No. 4(180).
CONFERENCES:
Stępniak K., Bogusz J., Kłos A., Wielgosz P., Assesment of tropospheric delay estimation methods on Precise Point Positioning time series, 26th IUGG General Assembly, , Prague, Czech Republic.
Stępniak K., Bock O., Wielgosz P., Assessment of ZTD screening methods and analysis of water vapour variability over Poland, COST ES1206 Workshop, May 2015, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Paziewski J, Wielgosz P, Sieradzki R, Krukowska M, A study on selected aspects of GPS and Galileo observations integration in precise positioning, 5th International Galileo Science Colloquium,
Paziewski J, Wielgosz P, Krukowska M, Loose and tight combining: a comparative study for integration of multi-GNSS observations in precise relative positioning, 26th IUGG General Assembly, , Prague
National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

11. EPN Repro2 (MUT)
CAG MUT (together with WUT) plays a role of the EPN Analysis Combination Center.
EPN Repro2 Project: coordinated by Christof Voelksen (BASH).
Contribution of five EPN ACs (ASI, GOP, IGE, LPT, MUT).
Period: GPS weeks ( )
Differences in software, processing strategy…
Combination on the NEQ level, BSW 5.2 software, RF: IGb08.
Final combination uploaded to the BKG server in February 2016.
Solution will be used for:
troposphere solution (R. Pacione),
cumulative solution (A. Kenyeres).
Pacione R.: „EPN Repro2: a reference tropospheric dataset over Europe.” (ITA)
National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

12. Various reprocessing campaigns for the purpose of climate monitoring.
Study on the long ZTD TS for theclimate monitoring (MUT)
GAMIT_dd_ref
GAMIT_dd_EPNr2_ind
GAMIT_dd_EPN_r2_abs
GAMIT_dd_20d
GAMIT_dd_stp
BERNE_dd_vmf
BERNE_dd_gmf
BERNE_ppp_vmf
BERNE_ppp_gmf
Software
Gamit 10.50
Gamit 10.50 
 Gamit 10.50
Bernese 5.2
observation
double differences
 double differences
double difference 
PPP
antenna calibration
abs +ind
abs +ind 
absolute
 abs +ind
elevation mask 5°
 5°
20°
5° 
troposphere modeling
VMF1
 VMF1
STP_Niell
VMF1 
GMF
loadings corrections
FES2004
FES2004 
 FES2004
ATL
(ECMWF CMT)
 ATL
(ECMWF CMT) 
NT-ATML (FNCEP)
NT-ATML (FNCEP) 
 NT-ATML (FNCEP)
none
????
network 30
15-45
30 
 30
Various reprocessing campaigns for the purpose of climate monitoring.
Bałdysz Z. et al. „ Influence of adopted GNSS processing strategy on long time
changes in ZTD parameters.”
National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

13. Analysis of ZTD Time Series from Reprocessed GPS Solutions (MUT)
Collaboration with University of Luxembourg within WG3 (1 Short Term Scientific Mission – Feb/Mar 2016, Anna Kłos supervision of prof. F.N. Teferle).
Analysis of BLT repro2 solution obtained as IGS TIGA working group.
Analysis of ZTD time series:
Homogenisation;
Analysis of seasonal Variations;
Elaboration of new approach to estimate new uncertainties of ZTD trend.
Klos et al.: „Analysis of ZTD Time Series from Reprocessed GPS Solutions”
National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

14. Papers and conferences (MUT)
Kroszczyński, K., Angular Distributions of Discrete Mesoscale Mapping Functions . Acta Geophys. 63, , DOI: /acgeo
Kroszczyński, K., Investigation of the properties of discrete mezoscale mapping functions. Acta Geophys. (in press).
Bałdysz, Z., Nykiel, G., Figurski, M., Szafranek, K., and Kroszczyński, K., Investigation of the 16-year and 18-year ZTD Time Series Derived from GPS Data Processing. Acta Geophys. 63, , DOI: /acgeo
CONFERENCES:
Bałdysz Z., Nykiel N., Araszkiewicz A., Figurski M., Szafranek K., Kroszczyński K.: "Comparison of GPS tropospheric delay obtained from two reprocessing campaigns for the purpose of climate monitoring", COST ES1206 Workshop, May 2015, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Bałdysz Z., Nykiel N., Figurski M., Szafranek K., Kroszczyński K., Araszkiewicz A., :  - "Analysis of Zenith Tropospheric Delay above Europe based on long time series derived from the EPN data„, EGU General Assembly, April 2015, Vienna, Austria (EGU ).
Bałdysz Z., Nykiel N., Araszkiewicz A., Figurski M., Szafranek K.: "Long time changes in Zenith Tropospheric Delay above Europe based on data obtained freom Repro 2 campaign", EUREF 2015 Symposium, Leipzig, Germany.
Bałdysz Z., Nykiel N., Araszkiewicz A., Figurski M., Szafranek K.: "Analiza wieloletnich zmian parametrow troposferycznych ZTD pochodzacych z ponownego opracowania sieci EPN", Conference Satelitarne metody wyznaczania pozycji we współczesnej geodezji i nawigacji, September 2015, Dęblin, Poland.
National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

15. Contact: Grzegorz Nykiel (grzegorz.nykiel@wat.edu.pl)
Development of MUT Satellite Observatory (MUT)
Project: "Development of Satellite Observatory of Centre of Applied Geomatics at Military University of Technology" (realized within the Regional Operational Programme of the Mazovian district , total values EUR (funding level – 85%), completed in 2015)
Spirent GSS9000 GNSS signal simulator
Simulated frequencies:
GPS (L1, L2/L2C, L5; C/A & P-Code)
GLONASS (G1, G2; C/A & P-Code)
Galileo (E1 BOC/CBOC, E5ab AltBOC, E6; OS, CS, SoL, PRS-Noise)
BeiDou (B1, B2; Open Service)
SBAS (L1, L5; EGNOS, WAAS, MSAS, GAGAN)
108 physical channels
9 simultaneously simulated signals
Contact: Grzegorz Nykiel
National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland

16. Contact: Grzegorz Nykiel (grzegorz.nykiel@wat.edu.pl)
Development of MUT Satellite Observatory (MUT)
Project: "Development of Satellite Observatory of Centre of Applied Geomatics at Military University of Technology" (realized within the Regional Operational Programme of the Mazovian district , total values EUR (funding level – 85%), completed in 2015)
RPG Hatpro G4 microwave radiometer
The measurement of temperature and humidity profiles in the troposphere up to m.
Infrared radiometer to measure cloud base.
Sky scanning (azimuth 0°-360°; elevation 0°- 90°).
GPS satellite tracking.
Ability to measure troposheric delay (ZTD and STD) and integrated water vapour (IWV).
Contact: Grzegorz Nykiel
National report of Poland, COST Action ES1206 (GNSS4SWEC), 3rd ES1206 Workshop, 8-10th March, 2016, Reykjavik, Iceland