1. India
China

2. The Harappan Civilization
3300 BCE BCE
Developed along the Indus River

5. Aryan Migration pastoral  depended on their cattle.
warriors  horse-drawn chariots.

6. The Vedas 1200 BCE-600 BCE. written in SANSKRIT.
Hindu core of beliefs:
hymns and poems.
religious prayers.
magical spells.
lists of the gods and goddesses.
Rig Veda  oldest work.

7. Sanskrit writing

8. Political Development
After the Aryan invasion, circa 6th c BCE
India in small regional kingdom
Some periods of centralized rule
Mauryans
Guptas
Most of the time decentralized

9. Mauryan Empire
320s BCE, Chandragupta Maurya filled the power gap left by Alexander the Great
Dominated the area
Set up bureaucratic administrative system
Ashoka, grandson of C. Maurya
Continued his violent approach

10. Ashoka Began ruling by moral example
Set up a tightly organized bureaucracy
Collected taxes
Made up of officials, accountants and soldiers
Built roads, hospitals, rest houses to facilitate trade
Codified laws
After death, India declined into land of decentralized regions once again
BUT order and stability maintained because of trade

11. Gupta Empire 320 CE India unified under the Guptas
Conquered many of the regional kingdoms
Left local government and administration in power
Declined after the invasion of the Huns in 550 CE
India reverts once again to regional kingdoms

12. Economic Development Benefited from expansion of agriculture and trade
Ashoka encouraged irrigation, roads, wells, inns -- caused rise of towns
Middle men on Silk Roads
Increased long-distance trade with China, SW Asia and Med. basin
Economic Development

13. Social Structure and Gender Roles
Women
Forbidden to read sacred prayers
Legally minors
Subject to supervision of male family members
Family must provide large dowry
Not allowed to inherit property
Widows not allowed to remarry
Patriarchal society with strict social structure

14. Social Structure and Gender Roles
Caste System – caste = something that cannot be changed
Developed during Vedic Age
Determined job, diet, marriage
Restrictions reinforced by the ruling class
Brahmins most powerful

15. Culture, Arts, Science, Technology
Buddhism strengthened by Ashoka Maurya
Hinduism regains power with Guptas
Indian art stressed symbolism rather than accurate interpretation
Geometry and algebra flourished
Concept of zero, decimal system, “Arabic” numbers

16. Indian Art

17. Ancient Indian Astronomy
Tool for keeping track of the constellations
Celestial observatory
Sundial

18. Math Decimal system 234.567 Zero -- 0 Algorithms
Arabic numerals – 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Square root -- √

19. Shang Dynasty BCE
Huang He River

20. Oracle Bones

21. Chinese Writing System
Each character in the Chinese language stands for one syllable or unit of language
More than 10,000 characters
Major advantage: people all over China used the same writing system, even if they spoke different languages

22. Geography- Zhou

23. Mandate of Heaven
The Zhou justified taking over from the Shang by saying that they had lost divine approval to rule

24. Zhou Dynasty 1029-258 BCE Philosophy Leaders/Traits
- Daoism/Taoism - Laozi
500’s BCE
- Confucianism
Analects
Chaotic government as Zhou was in decline
522 BCE
Leaders/Traits
- Walled cities
- Trade routes between cities
- Mandate of Heaven
- Feudalism

25. Confucianism Based on five relationships Not a religion
Ruler/subject
Husband/wife
Father/son
Older brother/younger brother
Friend/friend
Not a religion
Women were subservient to men
Wanted to reform society by showing rulers how to govern wisely
Laid groundwork for creation of a bureaucracy [a trained civil service who runs the government]
Examination system

27. Qin Dynasty 221-206 BCE Qin Shi Huangdi- 1st Emperor
Ruthless—Totalitarian
Legalism adopted
Territorial Expansion begins 214 BCE
Book burning-213 BCE
Standardized weights and measures
Single money system
Uniform writing system
Postal system
Great Wall
Bankrupted China
Pottery Army-210 BCE
Forced labor
First time China united as one empire
Qin Dynasty BCE
213 BCE—all writings other than official state documents, texts on agriculture and medicine, and some writings on divination
Execution of scholars to standardize thought—buried alive by the hundreds
Merchants seen as parasitic and rivals for power to the state therefore primogeniture ends to reduce the threat from landed power
Tight state control
Rigid supervision of education
Secret Service
Travel only by permit
State knows best
ORDER
Ends feudalism --Break with feudal past towards a system based on achievement not birth

28. Great Wall

31. Chinese Inventions Paper Gunpowder Compass
Two-bladed plow – allows for increased food production
Printing
Crossbow