1. The Modern and Postmodern Church – Part 1
The History of
Christianity
The Modern and Postmodern Church – Part 1
© John Stevenson, 2017

2. Christian Science Church
Founded 1879
Mary Baker Eddy
Invalid
Healed by mesmerist Phineas Quimby
Science & Health with Key to the Scriptures
“Malicious Animal Magnetism”
Church services led by “Readers”

3. Christian Science Church
Founded 1879
Matter does not exist
All is God
Christ was a scientific healing practitioner
Sin is imaginary

4. Second Great Awakening
Timeline
Second Great Awakening
American Civil
War
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
Darby
Mormons
Millerites
Darwin’s
Origin of the Species

5. Charles Darwin Five-year voyage aboard HMS Beagle
Five-year voyage aboard HMS Beagle
“Origin of the Species”
“The mystery of the beginning of all things is insoluble by us; and I for one must be content to remain an agnostic.”

6. Man is not a finished product incapable of further progress
Man is not a finished product incapable of further progress. He has a long history behind him, and it is a history not of a fall, but of an ascent.  Sir Julian Huxley

7. Julius Wellhausen Documentary Hypothesis JEPD Theory
Documentary Hypothesis
JEPD Theory
J: Jehovah
E: Elohim
D: Deuteronomy
P: Priestly writings
These original writing were collected and edited by a later redactor.

8. Five Major Christian Teachings
The Fundamentals
Five Major Christian Teachings
Inerrancy of Scripture
Virgin Birth & Deity of Christ
Substitutionary Atonement received by Grace through Faith
Bodily resurrection of Jesus
Second Coming of Jesus

9. D. L. Moody Worked in a shoe store
Worked in a shoe store
Led to Christ by his Sunday School Teacher, Edward Kimball
Began teaching Sunday School
Preached to Civil War soldiers

10. D. L. Moody Traveling evangelist Crusades in England (1873-1875)
Traveling evangelist
Crusades in England ( )
Not ordained
Moody Bible Institute

11. D. L. Moody
“Someday you will read in the papers that Moody is dead. Don't you believe a word of it. At that moment I shall be more alive than I am now. I was born of the flesh in 1837, I was born of the spirit in That which is born of the flesh may die. That which is born of the Spirit shall live forever.”

12. Cyrus Scofield Background in law and politics
Background in law and politics
Converted to Christianity in 1879 and ordained four years later
Influenced by Moody and Hudson Taylor
Published Scofield Reference Bible

13. Billy Sunday Professional Baseball player Converted to Christianity
Professional Baseball player
Converted to Christianity
Evangelist
Tent meetings
“Sawdust trail”

14. Billy Sunday
“At Kansas City, Kansas, before the saloons were closed, they were getting ready to build an addition to the jail. Now the doors swing idly on the hinges and there is nobody to lock in the jails.”

15. Methodist Holiness Movement
The Pentacostal Movement
Methodist Holiness Movement
Entire Sanctification
Second Blessing

16. Methodist Holiness Movement
The Pentacostal Movement
Methodist Holiness Movement
Keswick Movement
Spiritual Power for service

17. Methodist Holiness Movement
The Pentacostal Movement
Methodist Holiness Movement
Keswick Movement
Holiness Camp Meetings

18. The Pentacostal Movement
January 1901
Topeka, Kansas
Speaking in tongues
Missionaries no longer need to learn foreign languages
Charles Parkham
Agnes Ozman

19. The Pentacostal Movement
Asuza Street Revival, Los Angeles
Begun in 1906
Three services a day, seven days a week for three years
Transcended racial barriers
Charles Parkham
William Seymour

20. Methodist Holiness Movement
The Pentacostal Movement
Methodist Holiness Movement
Keswick Movement
Holiness Camp Meetings
Pentecostal
Movement

21. Methodist Holiness Movement
The Pentacostal Movement
Methodist Holiness Movement
Keswick Movement
Holiness Camp Meetings
Pentecostal
Movement
Charismatic
Movement

22. Harry Emerson Fosdick
1918
Published the book, The Manhood of the Master, denying the deity of Christ

23. “Shall the Fundamentalists Win?”
Harry Emerson Fosdick
“Shall the Fundamentalists Win?”
“The question is—Has anybody a right to deny the Christian name to those who differ with him on such points and to shut against them the doors of the Christian fellowship?”

24. John Gresham Machen Professor at Princeton Seminary
Professor at Princeton Seminary
Left to begin Westminster Seminary (1929)
Independent Presbyterian Mission Board
Orthodox Presbyterian Church (1936)

25. John Gresham Machen
“If the liberal party really obtains full control of the councils of the church, then no evangelical Christian can continue to support the church’s work” (1923:166)

26. What course do you take when even the church, you believe, has tragically compromised the Gospel and been seduced by the culture?

27. Northern Presbyterian Church
Civil War
Northern Presbyterian Church
Southern Presbyterian Church
Machen left in 1933 to form the Orthodox Presbyterian Church (OPC)
Ministers left in 1973 to form the Presbyterian Church in America (PCA)

28. John Gresham Machen
“Seventy-five years ago, Western civilization, despite inconsistencies, was still predominantly Christian; today it is predominantly pagan” (1923:65)

29. William Jennings Bryan
Scopes Trial
1925
Clarence Darrow
William Jennings Bryan

30. Karl Barth Trained in German theological liberalism
Trained in German theological liberalism
Known as the “father of neo-orthodoxy”
God makes Himself known as we encounter the Scriptures

31. Bible is merely a man-made book
Theological
Liberalism
Theological
Orthodoxy
Bible is merely a man-made book
Bible is the inspired and inerrant Word of God

32. Bible is merely a man-made book
Theological
Liberalism
Neo-Orthodoxy
Theological
Orthodoxy
Bible is merely a man-made book
Bible becomes the word of God as I receive it in faith
Bible is the inspired and inerrant Word of God

33. The Bible is the Word of God
Orthodoxy
Neo-Orthodoxy
The Bible is the Word of God
The Bible contains the Word of God
Verbal Plenary Inspiration
Authors interpreted events and words of God
Truth is absolute
Truth is relative

35. Dietrich Bonhoeffer German theologian
German theologian
Received his doctorate at the age of 21
Traveled to America
Returned to Hitler’s Germany
Involved in the Confessing Church

36. Dietrich Bonhoeffer Involved in a plot to assassinate Hitler
Involved in a plot to assassinate Hitler
Funds used to aid escaping Jews traced back to him
Concentration camp
Execution

37. Dietrich Bonhoeffer
“To endure the cross is not tragedy; it is the suffering which is the fruit of an exclusive allegiance to Jesus Christ.”

38. Dietrich Bonhoeffer
“Only he who believes is obedient and only he who is obedient believes.”

39. How does a Christian committed to peace come to assist violence in combating unrestrained violence?

40. What do you do when patriotism and Christian faith collide?

41. What is the responsibility of a Christian when others are being persecuted and even executed?