1. Personal Protective Equipment OSHE 112, Spring 2016
Instructor: Mr. Chris Kuiper, CSP
Phone:

2. Review: Machine Safeguarding
Importance of machine safeguarding
Definitions: Guard, Device, Point of Operation, Power Transmission, Nip Point
Requirements for safeguards
Guards: Types and applications
Devices: Important examples
Guarding materials and considerations

3. Review: Lockout/Tagout
Purpose
Definition
Requirements: Program and Hardware
Energy control procedure
Importance of training

4. Personal Protective Equipment
The least desirable method of hazard control
For hazards that can not be eliminated through engineering or administrative controls, PPE becomes the best protection method.
Important to have a positive attitude toward the use of PPE

5. Definition
Protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other gear designed to protect employees from serious injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with chemical, physical, mechanical, electrical, radiological or other workplace hazards.

6. PPE Program Written PPE policy and procedure Equipment selection
Training program
Enforcement

7. Purchase
Employers must provide and pay for PPE required for the company for the workers to do the job safely.
Other circumstances
Equipment is personal and usable by workers away from the job: Labor-management negotiation
Employees use their own PPE: Employers ensure the adequacy and properness.

8. Standards OSHA 29 CFR 1910, Subpart I ANSI: Examples include
through
ANSI: Examples include
Z : Footwear Protection
Z (R 1998): Eye and Face Protection
Z : Respiratory Protection

9. Information Sources OSHA NIOSH ANSI
NIOSH
ANSI

10. Head Protection
Protective helmets can protect against falling or flying objects, blows, electric shock and burns. There are three classes:
Class A: Protection from falling objects, bumps, and voltage up to 2,200 volts
Class B: Protection from falling objects, bumps, and voltage up to 20,000 volts
Class C: Provides protection from bumps and falling objects, but no protection from electrical current
Hair protection required to prevent it from getting caught in machine parts – or else ...

12. Eye Protection Selection considerations
Level of protection provided
Comfortableness
Ease of repair
Contact lens: Case-by-case consideration
Goggle-cleaning stations should be conveniently located for appropriate maintenance.

13. Face Protection Material considerations
Mechanical strength
Light weight
Non-irritation to skin
The ability to withstand frequent disinfecting operations
Face shields alone generally do not provide enough protection against eye injuries and must be combined with basic eye protection.

14. Hearing Protection
Exposure to high noise levels can cause irreversible hearing loss or impairment as well as physical and psychological stress.
OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) without hearing protection is 90 decibels (dBA.)
Exposure to 115 dBA is permitted for a maximum of 15 minutes for an 8-hour workday.

15. OSHA Noise Level Tables

16. Noise Program 29CFR1910.95 Impulse noise limit 140 dB peak
Conduct noise survey
Noise level in excess of 85 dB 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) requires hearing conservation program
Most modern noise measuring instruments provide noise and Time Weighted Average (TWA) readings
Document instrument calibration
Baseline and annual audiograms at no cost to employee
Notify employees of results
Select hearing protection
Train personnel and enforce program

17. Hearing Protection
Employer provides variety of suitable hearing protectors
Employer must ensure proper initial fit and use
Hearing protectors must attenuate employee exposure at least to an 8-hour time-weighted average of 90 decibels
Employees who have experienced a standard threshold shift, hearing protectors must attenuate employee exposure to an 8-hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels or below
May be OSHA recordable

18. Types and Considerations
Enclosure (Helmet): Acoustical properties
Aural Insert (Earplugs)
Formable: One fits all
Custom-molded: Made for a specific individual
Molded: A snug fit to provide adequate protection
Superaural (Canal Caps): Seal the external edge of the ear canal
Circumaural (Earmuffs): Provide an acoustical barrier between external sound and the inner ear

19. Fall Protection Passive fall arrest - Safety nets
Active fall arrest - Personal Fall Arrest System

20. Respiratory Protection
Program elements
Written respiratory protection program
Procedures for selecting respirators
Medical evaluation
Fit test
Routine maintenance and inspection
Training
Program effectiveness evaluation

21. Respiratory Hazard Identification
Dusts: Particles from solid organic or inorganic materials through mechanical processes
Fumes: Particles from a volatilized solid condenses in cool air
Mists: Liquid suspended in the air
Gases: Formless liquids under the effect of increased pressure and decreased temperature
Vapors: Gaseous form of substances in the solid or liquid state at room temperature and pressure
Smoke: Carbon or soot particles from the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous materials

22. Types and Considerations
Air-supplying respirators: Provide clean air
Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
Supplied-air respirators
Combination self-contained and supplied-air respirators
Air-purifying respirators: Remove contaminants from the air
NEVER used in oxygen-deficient atmosphere

23. Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
Normally used for short-time entry and escape from atmospheres which are or may be immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH)
Wearable, clean-air supply pack
The closed-circuit type can provide air up to 4 hours.
The open-circuit type only provide air for 30 to 60 minutes.

24. Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus

25. Supplied-Air Respirator
Used when there are extended work periods required in atmospheres that are not immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH)
Makes use of a hose to deliver clean, safe air from a stationary source of compressed air 
Provides clean air for long periods of time and are light weight for the user 
Limits the range of user-mobility and may fail due to hose damage

26. Supplied-Air Respirator

27. Combination Supplied-Air SCBA Respirator
Used when there are extended work periods required in atmospheres that are or may be immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH)
Have an auxiliary self-contained air supply that can be used if the primary supply fails
The self-contained portion can be small since it only needs to supply enough air for escape
Can be used for entry into confined spaces

28. Combination Supplied-Air SCBA Respirator

29. Gas/Vapor Respirators
Used when there are only hazardous gases and vapors in the air 
Use chemical filters (called cartridges or canisters) to remove dangerous gases or vapors
Do not protect against airborne particles
Provide protection only as long as the filter's absorbing capacity is not depleted
The service life of the filter depends upon many factors and can be estimated in various ways.

30. Particulate Respirators
Capture particles in the air, such as dusts, mists, and fumes
Do not protect against gases or vapors
Generally become more effective as particles accumulate on the filter and plug spaces between the fibers
Filters should be replaced when user finds it difficult to breathe through them.

31. Combination Respirators
Used in atmospheres that contain hazards of both particulates and gases
Have both particulate filters and gas/vapor filters
May be heavier

32. Respirator Fit-Test Test at least annually
Both qualitative and quantitative tests
Test whenever a different respirator facepiece is used
A change in the employee’s physical condition could affect the fit test.

33. Hand/Arm Protection Gloves
Cotton: General purpose applications and, in heavier weights, for abrasion and heat protection
Leather: Protection from rough objects, sparks and heat, and for cushioning from blows in heavy duty work requirements
Rubber/PVC: Applications requiring chemical protection
Impact

34. Clothing Clothing Ensure full protection
Field test prior to actual use
Flame Retardant
No sleeveless shirts in field, shop or manufacturing

35. Foot/Leg Protection
ANSI rated safety boot/shoe, foot guard, and leggings
Factors to consider include
Comfort and proper fit
Conductive vs. nonconductive
Electrical hazards
Chemical resistance
Waterproofing
Insulation against thermal extremes

36. Whole Body Protection
In some cases workers must shield most or all of their bodies against hazards in the workplace, such as exposure to heat and radiation as well as hot metals, scalding liquids, body fluids, hazardous materials or waste, and other hazards.
In addition to fire-retardant wool and fire-retardant cotton, materials used in whole-body PPE include rubber, leather, synthetics, and plastic.