1. Classical Music Origins

2. 313 AD
Western Music can be traced back to this important date The Edict of Milan is signed this year by Constantine I, declaring tolerance toward Christianity; it would eventually become the state religion

3. Why is Catholicism important?
This is important because a number of things in western music come directly from Gregorian plainchant – the singing used in Catholic liturgy our modern system of music notation the scales we use the harmony we use

4. Medieval Period
During the Middle Ages, begins with the fall of the Roman Empire Instruments – wooden flutes, pan flutes, recorder, plucked string instruments Music was sacred (religious) and secular (non-religious) Chant was monophonic (one tone) & became polyphonic (multiple tones) later

5. Chant music http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCz_kNFludA
Medieval
Chant music

6. Chant
A short simple series of syllables/words sung on the same note or in a limited range

7. Focus on something more than just the physical.
Medieval Art
Focus on something more than just the physical.

8. Renaissance Period
Renewal, invention of music & instruments Rise of humanistic thought Recovery of literary & artistic heritage of Ancient Greece & Rome Increased innovation & disconvery Growth of commerical enterprise Development of printing – music distribution Development of the printing press in 1470 – further & cheaper distribution

9. Renaissance,cont.
Music became a vehicle for personal expression instead of rigid medieval restraints in range, rhythm, and harmony Violin, guitar, & keyboard instruments were born Madrigals, spirituals, and mass music Instruments were less important than the voices

10. Renaissance
Palestrina Pope Marcellus Mass English Madrigal- Thomas Morley

11. Renaissance Art
“The Last Supper” – Leonardo DaVinci 1498 This piece was begun in It measures 15 ft x 29 ft and is housed in the Milan Monastery.

12. Strict rules. Harpsichord is predominant. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Baroque
From a Portuguese word meaning “misshapen pearl” – refers to architecture
Classical
Romantic
20th Century
Johann Pachelbel
Johann Sebastian Bach
Handel
Vivaldi
Ornate & heavily ornamented music, more elaborate. Music notation developing
New instrument playing techniques. Opera established. Many concepts and terms are still used today
Strict rules. Harpsichord is predominant.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Joesph Haydn
Nobility were the patrons of instrumental music.
Public patronized comic opera.
Lighter and clearer than baroque music, less complex. Importance was given to instrumental music
Still predictable, but uses more keys and varying dynamics.
Harpsichord gives way to the piano.
Ludwig Van Beethoven
Richard Wagner
Increase in expression, does not necessarily deal with romantic love.
Attempted to increase emotion, dealt with human feelings, more abstract.
Not so musically strict
Unpredicatble. More complex melodies.
Keyboards emphasized
Rise of the middle class
Richard Strauss
John Cage
Use of unordinary objects and sounds.
Boundaries of harmony are completely broken down – “anything goes”
Some composers use math to create music; others use silence to create more conceptual pieces
Still others pioneered the use of electronic music and tape loops – something that would makes its way into a number of styles of popular music

13. Baroque
Bach- Air on The G String with orchestra with piano Pachelbel Canon in D Graduation Song Pachelbel’s Rant

14. Classical
Classical formality, emphasis on order Mozart

15. Classical Art
Rembrandt 1633 “Christ in the Storm on the Lake of Galilee” Stolen in 1990, still missing

16. Romantic
Beethoven all by myself- rachmaninoff piano concerto no. 2 adagio sostanuto

17. Romantic Art
“Gulf Stream” – Winslow Homer 1866 “Impression Sunrise”- emotional 1872 Claude Monet Impresssionism, Late Romantic

18. https://youtu.be/Oh-o3udImy8
20th Century

19. 20th Century Art
“The Boat” – Alessandro Falchi Which way do you hold it? Experimentation

20. Definitions
Vocal Instrumental Sacred Secular Monophony Polyphony Chant Canon Genre Castrati