1. Is this an atom, ion or isotope?
Name
Symbol
Atomic #
Atomic Mass
# of Protons
# of Neutrons
# of electrons
Is there a charge?
Is this an atom, ion or isotope?
Hydrogen N 5 12 10
Carbon 8 26 Na 11
Oxygen 13 30

2. Three parts of an atom: Proton: Positive and located in the nucleus
Neutron: Neutral and located in the nucleus
Electron: Negative and located in the electron cloud
Atomic Number = Number of Protons
Atomic Mass = Protons + Neutrons
Isotope = Neutrons gained or lost: Changes the atomic mass
Ion = Electrons gained or lost: Changes the charge of the atom
More protons = Positive charge
More electrons = Negative charge

3. Properties of Matter

4. Physical Properties
How would you describe an orange to someone who has never seen one?
Orange in color
Round
Waxy feel to the rind
Juicy
Sweet
Each of these is a physical property
Anything that can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity
Without changing what the matter is

5. Examples of physical properties
Magnetism
Conducting electricity
strength
flexibility
Color
Shape
Odor
Mass
Volume

6. Physical properties cont’d
Using physical properties every day:
The “smell” test for dirty clothes
Color of fruit to see if its gone bad
Odor of milk to see if it has spoiled

7. Density Density is the amount of matter in a given space (volume)
In a density column, like the one at right, layers are formed based on the density of each liquid
The more dense something is, the more mass there is in it
All of these liquids have the same volume but not the same mass
The heaviest liquids will sink to the bottom because they are the most dense

8. Density
Density is found by dividing the mass of an object by its volume
D = m/v
The unit for density is a unit of mass divided by a unit of volume
Ex: g/cm3 or g/mL or kg/m3

9. Mass
Mass is measured in grams and measured with a triple beam balance

10. Volume

11. Volume
Water displacement: You place the object in the water and measure the amount the water level increased. This will use the unit mL.

12. Density practice
What is the density of an object with a mass of 120 g and a volume of 7 mL?
We have an object with a density of 620 g/cm3 and a volume of 75 cm3. What is the mass of the object?

13. Density practice
Now let’s practice

14. The states of matter
The states of matter are the physical forms in which a substance can exist
Solid (Ex: Ice)
Liquid (Ex: drinking water)
Gas (Ex: steam)
Plasma (Ex: Inside the Earth)

15. The difference in the states
All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms and molecules
These atoms and molecules are constantly in motion and bumping into one another
The way these particles interact determines what state a substance is in

16. The different states
Solids: the state of matter that has a definite shape and volume
IE: wood, ice, a metal pipe
In a solid, the particles are very close together
The particles only vibrate in place, they do not move from their immediate location
KE is low

17. The different states
Liquids: the state of matter that has a definite volume, but not a definite shape
Ex: tap water, soup broth, rubbing alcohol
The particles of a liquid can move past each other so that the liquid takes the shape of the container
The particles do not move freely from one another
Some KE

18. The different states
Gas: the state of matter with no definite shape or volume
Ex: steam, oxygen, helium
The particles move quickly and freely from each other
High KE

19. The different states
Plasma: An electrically neutral medium of unbound positive and negative particles
Ex: The sun, inside the Earth, neon signs
The most common phase of matter in the universe!