1. Body Composition
Smojver

2. Do Now
Write down anything that comes to mind when you think of body composition
What do you think are some criteria for a positive body composition?
If you went to the doctor today and they told you that you needed to lower your body composition, what 3 realistic changes could you make?

3. Somatotype Your body type 3 different Somatotypes: Ectomorph Endomorph
Mesomorph

4. Ectomorph Lean, slender body type
Gaining weight is a little more difficult

5. Mesomorph
A muscular somatotype

6. Endomorph Rounder, heavier body type
Staying lean can prove to be harder

7. Somatotypes Remember these are all generalizations
Most people have their own unique combination of all 3 somatotypes
You are born with an inherited somatotype based on skeletal frame and body composition

8. Body Composition Lean Body Mass Body Fat Muscle tissues
Bones
Ligaments
Tendons
Stored calories that have not been burned up
Calories In vs. Calories Out
3,5000 calories = 1 lb. of fat
Body fat rises if your intake of calories is higher than your output of calories

9. Measuring Body Fat Underwater Weighing Electrical Impedance
Skin Fold Measurement
BMI (Body Mass Index) Calculation

10. Underwater Weighing Hydrostatic Weighing Most accurate method
However, it’s the most expensive
Pool
Scale
Trained Individuals

11. Electrical Impedance How electricity travels through a given material
A very slight electrical current runs through the body and it measures the degree of resistance against the current
Every tissue has different electrical impedance determined by its molecular composition

12. Skinfold Measurement
Uses a skinfold caliper to measure a fold of skin and its underlying layer of fat at key locations of the body
Usually taken at 3-9 spots
Iliac Crest
Triceps
Biceps
Suprascapular (spinal area)
Abdominal
Front Thigh
Medial Calf
Chest (near armpit)

13. Body Mass Index (BMI) Calculation used to determine BMI
weight x
height x height
Calculation used to determine BMI
Least accurate way

14. Ideal Body Fat Percentage
Males up to age 30
9%-15% body fat
Females up to age 30
14%-21% body fat

15. Body Image
How you see yourself when you look in the mirror or how you picture yourself in your mind
How has society changed the ideal body image?

16. Anorexia
Characterized by the refusal to maintain a minimally accepted body weight, intense fear of weight gain, and a distorted body image
Inadequate intake of calories or excessive caloric output
Anorexics may even use laxatives, enemas, and/or diuretics (water pills)

17. Anorexia Mental & Physical Absence of menstruation
Skeletal muscle atrophy
Low blood pressure
Depression
Thinning hair
Damage to vital organs
Death from starvation

18. Bulimia Characterized by a cycle of binge eating followed by purging
Purging is usually followed with guilt

19. Bulimia Both mental & physical
Treatment through hospital stay or outpatient services

20. Steroids Used to increase muscle size & strength “Designer” Steroids:
An anabolic (muscle building) drug that has been structurally manipulated to mimic the muscle building effects of testosterone, while sidestepping a positive steroid test

21. Steroids: Major Male & Female Side Effects
High blood pressure & heart disease
Liver damage and cancers
Stroke and blood clots
Urinary and bowel problems
Headaches, aching joints, and muscle cramps
Nausea and vomiting
Sleep problems
Increased risk of ligament and tendon injuries
Severe acne, especially on face and back
Baldness

22. Male Side Effects Males Females
One of the most disturbing effects of steroid use for males is that the body begins to produce less of its own testosterone cause the following effects:
Reduced sperm count
Impotence
Increase in nipple and breast size
Enlarged prostate
Shrinking of the testicles
Infertility
Since steroids act as a male hormone, females may experience the following effects:
Reduced breast size
Increase in facial and body hair
Deepened voice
Menstrual problems
Male patterned baldness

23. A Special Danger to Adolescents
High school and middle school students & athletes need to be aware of the effect steroids have on growth.
Anabolic steroids, even in small doses, have been shown to stop growth too soon.
Adolescents also may be at the risk for becoming dependent on steroids.
Adolescents who use steroids are also more likely to use other addictive drugs and alcohol.