2. Power of the Image

4. Lebanon bombed by Israel (Reuters) Fake or Real?

6. Iranian Missile Test Fake or Real?

9. Real or Fake?

10. Fake or Real?

12. Al-Ahram, the state-run newspaper in Egypt

13. “Brown Lady Ghost” 1936 Superimposing 2 Pics
Involved time- consuming dark room tricks

14. History Photo Manipulators: Why manipulate photos?
Stalin, Mao, Hilter, Mussolini, Castro and Brezhnev
Why manipulate photos?
Make one look more heroic
Erase enemies
Propaganda
Media Stunts
Greed

15. What’s wrong here?

16. Look at light directions

18. Lighting Discrepancies

19. Clues of Fakes Lighting Eye Positions
See differences in lighting direction amongst pieced parts
Look also for shadow discrepancies (size, shape and direction)
Eye Positions
Twinkles in eyes (Specular Highlights)
Look for consistency in the shape, color and location of these reflections

20. Specular Highlights

21. Twinkle Science
Twinkles of American Idol Cast in Pic

22. Clues of Fake
4. Copy and Paste (Cloning)
Bush Rally

23. Flight 370

24. Cloning in Movies

25. Clues of Fakes
5. Retouching (Modification of Image)

26. Reuters retouched this image from a meeting of the United Nations Security Council in 2005
The contrast of the notepad was adjusted to improve its readability

27. Camera Fingerprints
Each type of digital camera has a light sensor that records an image in a set pixel pattern
Can determine make and model of camera from photo
Each camera produces individual “noise”

28. “Noise”

29. Clues of Fakes 6. Gross Logic Errors
Smoke blowing in two different directions from side by side smoke stacks
Army soldier wearing navy insignia
Watchmaker with pipe wrenches in work area

30. Digital Imagery and Law
Police Chief David Harrison
Charged with possession of child porn
Cleared because he said State could not prove the images to be real!
2002 US Supreme Court ruled “virtual” or “computer generated” images of child porn constitutionally protected

31. Digital Imagery and Law
2005 Judge in Sydney, Australia threw out a speeding case when police had no proof to show that a traffic camera image was not doctored.

32. Red Light Ticket

33. Smartphone cameras and and GPS
“Geotagging”
iPhone or an Android phone.. you need to give the camera app access to the GPS data, so it can store it with your photo

34. Goes along with the image…

35. EXIF Reading Software

37. EXIR Software