1. Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

2. What is Matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).
Examples of matter:

3. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER
MATTER CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED IT JUST CHANGES FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER.
(MATTER GETS RECYCLED)

4. 1. ATOMS ARE ALWAYS MOVING
THEORY OF KINETIC ENERGY
1. ATOMS ARE ALWAYS MOVING
2. THE MORE ENERGY ADDED TO THE ATOMS, THE FASTER & FARTHER APART THEY MOVE
ENERGY ADDED
ENERGY ADDED

5. Matter
Matter can be described by using physical and chemical properties. These are characteristics the matter has that make it unique.
Physical Properties: Are properties that can be observed or measured. (color, mass, length, volume, density, state, etc).
Physical Properties can be either:
Observable or Measurable

6. Observable Physical Properties
Observable Physical Properties: Properties you can use your senses to get information about an object.
If you can describe the matter based on what it looks, feels, smells or tastes like, you are describing the physical properties.

7. Examples of Observable Physical Properties
Malleability: the ability of a substance to be pounded into thin sheets.

8. Examples of Observable Physical Properties
Color: The color of object can be seen and is a physical property of matter.
Color can help identify a substance. For example, sulfur is usually yellow in color, iodine is usually red in color.
Iodine
Sulfur

9. Examples of Observable Physical Properties
Smell: The smell or odor an object gives off can also help identify a substance.
For example, sulfur has a rotten egg smell, vinegar has a very acidic smell, and chlorine has a very strong bleach smell.

10. Examples of Observable Physical Properties
Conduction of heat or electricity: The ability for heat and electricity to pass through an object easily.
Metals are usually the best conductors of heat and electricity.

11. Examples of Observable Physical Properties
Insulator of electricity or heat: when an object passes heat and electricity poorly.
Nonmetals are usually good insulators.

12. Examples of Observable Physical Properties
Ductility: the ability to be drawn or pulled into a wire.
Metals usually are ductile.

13. Examples of Observable Physical Properties
Solubility: The ability to dissolve in a nother substance.
Examples: sugar dissolves in water.

14. Examples of Observable Physical Properties
State of Matter: Matter can either be a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma. We observe this by using our senses.

15. State of matter is a physical property!!!!
STATES OF MATTER
State of matter is a physical property!!!!
MATTER CAN BE FOUND IN 4 STATES (PHASES)
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
PLASMA

16. PARTICLES of a SOLID (Physical Property)
Pattern: ATOMS (PARTICLES) ARE ARRANGED CLOSELY PACKED TOGETHER
Movement: VIBRATE
Shape/Volume: HAS FIXED SHAPE & FIXED VOLUME

17. In Solids, the particles are very tightly packed SO:
THE OBJECT IS HARDER
THE MORE DIFFICULT IT IS TO
BREAK THEM APART
THE MORE ENERGY NEEDED TO
CHANGE FROM A SOLID TO A
LIQUID

18. The particles in a LIQUID:
Pattern: none
Movement: atoms roll or slide over each other and move faster than a solid.
Shape: No fixed shape, takes shape of container
Volume: Fixed

19. Movement: PARTICLES MOVE VERY FAST & AS FAR APART AS THEY CAN GET
The particles in a GAS:
Pattern: none
Movement: PARTICLES MOVE VERY FAST & AS FAR APART AS THEY CAN GET
Shape: NO FIXED SHAPE, takes shape of container
Volume: No fixed volume

20. The particles in PLASMA: Pattern: none
Movement: Particles move very fast and are therefore very HOT
Shape/Volume: NO FIXED SHAPE OR VOLUME
Facts: Most common state of matter in the universe.
Most Uncommon state of matter on Earth.
Found in lightning, fluorescent lights and stars (Sun)

21. Measurable Properties of Matter
Measurabe Properties: Properties that must be measured with a tool (ruler, beaker, graduated cylinder, scale, etc.).
Ruler
Beaker
Scale
Triple Beam Balance
Graduated Cylinder

22. Measurable Properties of Matter
Mass: is the amount of matter that something is made of.
Calculate: Using a triple beam balance or a scale.
Unit: in science ALWAYS use grams (g) or kilograms (kg).

23. Measurable Properties of Matter
Weight: is the amount gravity is pulling on an object. Different on the MOON!!! Other wise it is measured the same as MASS!!

24. Measurable Properties of Matter
Volume: the amount of space an object takes up.
Measured by: different for regular solid, irregular solid and liquids.
Examples of Regular Solids: any solid you can measure the length, width and height of.
Examples of Irregular Solids: any solid you cannot measure the length, width and height of.
Examples of Liquids: any object that has no definite shape but does have a definite volume.

25. Measurable Properties of Matter
Measuring the Volume of Liquids:
How to calculate: Use a graduate cylinder to find the volume at the meniscus.
Material: graduated cylinder, beaker, flask
How to read a graduated cylinder
Must be at eye level to read.
Must read to bottom of the curve. MENISCUS - bottom of the curve.
Unit: mL or L

26. Measurable Properties of Matter
Measuring Volume of Regular Solids: measure the length, width and height with ruler and multiply them together.
Length X Width X Height = Volume of Regular Solid
cm X cm X cm = cm3
*ALWAYS USE CENTIMETERS IN SCIENCE!!!!
UNIT: cm3

27. Measurable Properties of Matter
Measuring Volume of Irregular Solids: Water displacement. Put water into a graduated cylinder and record volume. Place irregular solid into cylinder with water and record second volume. Subtract the two amounts.
Initial volume (water only) – volume with irregular solid = volume of solid
UNIT: measured in mL but, since it is a
solid use cm3.
1 mL = 1 cm3

28. Measurable Properties of Matter
Density: the amount of matter in a given space or volume. Density is used to describe matter because everything has a different density.

29. Measurable Properties of Matter
Measure by: dividing and objects mass by it’s volume.
Calculate: Density = Mass/Volume m
D = V
Mass divided by Volume
UNIT: since mass is measured in grams and volume is measured in cm3 or mL the unit for density has to have those two units.
So, the unit for density is g/mL or g/cm3. m D V

30. Calculate the density for the following objects: Mass= 10 Volume= 5
BELLRINGER
Calculate the density for the following
objects:
Mass= 10 Volume= 5
b.Mass= 16 Volume= 8
c.Mass= 5 Volume= 10
d.Mass= 12 Volume= 12
Which object is water? Which object will
float in water? Which objects will sink in
water?
2g/ml sinker
2g/cm3 sinker
0.5g/ml floater
1g/cm3 water

31. The density of water is ALWAYS 1.0 g/mL.
Anything less than 1.0 g/mL will FLOAT.
Anything greater than 1.0 g/mL will sink.

32. These are two, unopened full cans of soda
These are two, unopened full cans of soda. Explain why one is floating and one has sunk.

33. Why are some objects less dense than other objects?
As the molecules of a substance spread apart, the density of the substance is lowered.
What causes molecules to spread?
Adding energy so the movement of the molecules increases.

34. Objects float in other substances because they are less dense than the substance they are floating in.
Why does ice float in water? They are both the same substance, right?

35. Notice how tightly packed the atoms are in the
liquid water vs the solid water?
The spaces between the atoms make solid water less dense.
Is this true for all solids?
NO WAY!!! This is a unique quality of water. Most solids are always more dense than their liquid forms.

36. Why does this happen? Hot air balloon rises Basketball goes
flat in winter
Atmosphere
changes as you climb a mountain
Perfume can be smelled all over the room

37. DENSITY objects!!!! When does an objects density change?
If heat is added or taken away!!!!
HEAT – spreads out molecules – LESS
dense
Take AWAY heat – molecules come
together – MORE dense.
Hot objects are less dense than cool
objects!!!!

38. Chemical Properties of Matter
Chemical Properties- Properties that determine whether or not a substance will react chemically.
Flammability: the ability to burn.
Reactivity: The ability for a substance to react with another. Simply, when two substances get together, something can happen.