1. Physical and Chemical Properties Notes

2. Physical Properties of Matter
Page 27
Physical Properties of Matter
A property is a characteristic of matter.
A physical property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of a substance.
Examples: density (mass/volume), electrical conductivity, hardness, pH, state of matter, melting point, boiling point, scent and luster
Density is the amount of mass in a given volume.
Density = mass or D=m
volume V
The density of water is 1.0 g/cm3
pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is ranging in a scale from 0 to 14. The values are the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
neutral
acidic (acid) basic (base)
Most acidic Most basic
High concentration Low concentration
of hydrogen ions of hydrogen ions

3. Page 26
Draw the pH scale and label each item on it in its appropriate place on the scale and then classify each of the following materials as an acid or base in a three column table. pH
Acid or Base
Baking soda
8.5
Lemon 2
Ammonia
11.5
Milk
6.5
Soap 10
Drain cleaner 14
Water 7
Banana
5.2
Vinegar
2.8

4. Page 26
Draw the pH scale and illustrate each item on it in its appropriate place on the scale and classify each of the following materials as an acid or base. pH
Acid or Base
Baking soda
8.5
base
Lemon 2
acid
Ammonia
11.5
Milk
6.5
Soap 10
Drain cleaner 14
Water 7
neutral
Banana
5.2
Vinegar
2.8

5. Physical Properties - States (Phases) of Matter
Page 29
Physical Properties - States (Phases) of Matter
A state of matter is the physical form in which matter exists. There are four states (phases) of matter : solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Matter often changes state when heat is added or taken away.
A solid is a substance with a definite shape and a definite volume. The particles in a solid are packed closely together and maintain a rigid form without a container. They vibrate slowly against one another.
A liquid is a substance with a definite volume, but not a definite shape. The particles in a liquid move faster and freely past one another, but are still close to one another. Liquids take the shape of the container they are in.
A gas is a substance that does not have a definite shape or a definite volume. Gas particles move very fast and bounce off of one another. Gases fill the container they are in.

6. Milk toy car helium hydrogen water ice steam sugar salt pepsi oxygen
On the top half of page 28
Identify whether each of the following are solids, liquids or gases in the table below.
Milk toy car helium hydrogen water ice steam sugar salt pepsi oxygen
Solid
Liquid
Gas

7. Milk toy car helium hydrogen water ice steam sugar salt pepsi oxygen
On the top half of page 28
Identify whether each of the following are solids, liquids or gases in the table below.
Milk toy car helium hydrogen water ice steam sugar salt pepsi oxygen
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Toy car
milk
helium
ice
water
hydrogen
sugar
pepsi
steam
salt
oxygen

8. On the bottom half of page 28
Compare and contrast the characteristics and the particle position and movement in the 3 common states of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Shape
Volume
Particle Position
Particle Movement
Example

9. On the bottom half of page 28
Compare and contrast the characteristics and the particle position and movement in the 3 common states of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Shape
definite
Varies – takes the shape of the container
Varies – takes the entire shape of container; fills it up
Volume
Varies – expands to fill the entire container
Particle Position
Tightly packed together
Loosely held; easily pass by one another
Particles are not close to one another
Particle Movement
Vibrate slowly; almost nonexistent
Medium speed
Fastest; zooming by and bouncing off one another
Example

10. Chemical Properties of Matter
Page 31
Chemical Properties of Matter
A chemical property is a characteristic that describes how a substance will interact with other substances during a chemical reaction.
Common Chemical Properties
Tarnishing – the reaction between sulfur in the air and metals.
Rusting – the ability to rust - reaction between oxygen and metals.
Combustibility – the reaction between oxygen and fuel that results in fire.
Flammability – the ability to burn
Reactivity – the ease and speed with which an element combines, or reacts (bonds), with other elements and compounds

11. reacts with base to form water Boiling point
Page 30
Create a two-column table and classify each of the terms below as either a physical property or a chemical property.
reacts with base to form water Boiling point
density Taste reacts with an acid color
flammability melting point luster reacts to oxygen
solubility hardness odor reacts with water to form gas
Physical Property
Chemical Property

12. Page 30
Create a two-column table and classify each of the terms below as either a physical property or a chemical property.
Physical Property
Chemical Property
Boiling point
density
reacts with base to form water
Taste
reacts with an acid
color
melting point
reacts to oxygen
luster
solubility
flammability
hardness
reacts with water to form gas
odor