2. ___________ Physical Properties ____________ Physical Properties
Physical Property: a characteristic of a substance that can be __________________ and ________________ without changing the identity of the substance.
Physical properties of elements and compounds play a significant part in determining the _________________ uses of these substances.
2 Categories
___________ Physical Properties
____________ Physical Properties

3. Qualitative Physical Properties
Qualitative Physical Property: a property that can be observed and described without detailed ________________________.
Qualitative Property
Description
Examples
N/A
Colourless, red, black
Distinctive smell
Sweet, pungent, mouldy
Solid, liquid, gas
The feeling of the surface of a substance.
Rough, smooth, bumpy, ridged
The way light interacts with the surface of a substance.
Shiny, dull, sparkling, glittery, glossy, radiant

4. Qualitative Property
Description
Examples
Ability for material to be flattened into thin sheets.
Malleable, slightly malleable, not malleable
Ability for material to be stretched into a wire.
Ductile, slightly ductile, not ductile.
Ability of light to pass through.
Transparent, translucent, opaque
Ability of a substance to bend without breaking
Extremely flexible, slightly flexible, not flexible.
N/A
Jagged, square, circle
Attraction for iron
Magnetic, not magnetic
Resistance to flow
Not viscous, very viscous
Note: Many of these properties can be quantified using different techniques, but we will categorize them as qualitative!

5. Qualitative Properties of Paper Clips
Describe six qualitative physical properties of your paper clip.
________________________ ________________________
2) What provides your paper clip with many of the properties that you observed?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3) Think of what a paper clip is used for. How are the properties that you listed related to the function of the paper clip?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Quantitative Physical Properties
Quantitative Physical Property: a property that can be _______________ and assigned a particular _______________.
Qualitative Property
Description
Resistance to flow
Temperature of Melting
Temperature of Boiling
Ability to dissolve in another substance
Ability to scratch another material
Ability to conduct electricity, heat, or sound
Ratio of mass to volume

7. Slow as Molasses – Quick Activity
Materials:
2 beakers of the same size
2 scoopulas
Water
Molasses
Medicine droppers
Stopwatch
Procedure:
You and your partner should each place your scoopula into
your beaker. Position the scoopula so the wider end is at the top and so it rests against the side of the beaker.
Get the stopwatch ready! Add a drop of water to the wide end of one scoopula. Time and record how long it takes for the water to hit the side of the beaker. __________
Repeat step 2 with the molasses. __________
Discussion:
What physical property of molasses does the expression “slow as molasses” refer to? ___________________
What is another way you could measure the difference between the viscosities of water and molasses? ___________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

8. Let’s take a closer look at the following physical properties:
1) States of Matter
2) Solubility
3) Hardness
4) Conductivity
5) Density

9. 1) States of Matter
Different substances change states at different temperatures. For
example, water boils at ___________ whereas helium boils at -269°C.
Substance that sublimates: Solid Carbon Dioxide (Dry Ice) to “fog.”
Substance that undergoes deposition: water vapour to ice in cloud.

10. 2) Solubility
Measuring Solubility: the maximum quantity of a substance that can ____________ in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature and pressure.
Expressed as a ________________:
Mass of Solute / Mass of Solvent
Mass of Solute / Volume of Solvent
Example: salt (sodium chloride) has a solubility of 39.5 g/ 100 mL at 25°C and atmospheric pressure.
Aqueous Solution: a solution where water is the solvent
A substance with very low solubility is described as _______________________.

11. Solubility Problems (I)
1) What is the concentration of a solution in g /L when 80 grams of sodium chloride, NaCl, is dissolved in 2 litres of solution?

12. Solubility Problems (II)
2) At 20°C and atmospheric pressure, the maximum amount of table sugar that can dissolve into 100 mL of water is 179 grams. What is the solubility of table sugar?

13. Solubility Problems (III)
3) The concentration of an aqueous solution is 6.2 g /L. The volume of the solvent was 3.5 L. How much solute was dissolved into the solvent?

14. 3) Hardness
Hardness of a substance refers to its ability to be ___________________.
Harder substances can scratch softer substances.
Softer substances cannot scratch harder substances.
Measuring Hardness
Usually given a number between 1 to 10 on the Mohs Scale.
The hardest natural material is ________________.
Diamond’s useful properties: Hardness, low reactivity, low electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, high density.
Majority of diamonds are used in _________________________.
Drilling, cutting, grinding.

15. 4) Conductivity
Can refer to electricity, heat (thermal energy), or sound.
Electrical:
A substance with high electrical conductivity is _____________________. A substance with low electrical conductivity is ________________.
Thermal:
A substance with high thermal conductivity is __________________ (which is why it is useful for cooking). A substance with low
Sound (at 20°C):
Air has a fairly poor ability to conduct sound (344 m/s)
Water conducts sound better at 1,462 m/s.
Stone has a great ability to conduct sound (6,000 m/s)

16. 5) Density
Density is defined as the mass of a substance that occupies a certain unit volume.
Property of solids, liquids, and gases.
Liquids with different densities will separate into distinct layers when added to the same container. The most dense will be at the _______________ while the least dense would be at the ________________.
Density can be calculated using the formula:

17. Density Problem
4) A sample of silver has a mass of 5.04 g and a volume of cm3. What is the density of silver?

18. Homework
See page 158. In your notebook, list the 4 unique properties of water that allow it to support life on Earth.
Page 156, #1, 2 (read pg. 154), 3, 4.
Page 157, #1-5.
Page 159, #1, 2, 4 – 7.